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101.
This paper examines sources of cyclical movements in output, inflation and the term structure of interest rates in the G-7. It employs a novel identification approach which uses the sign of the theoretical cross correlation function in response to shocks to catalog orthogonal disturbances. We find that demand shocks are the dominant source of output and inflation fluctuations in several of the G-7 countries. The proportion of term structure variability explained by different structural sources does not depend on the horizon. Apart from the US and Canada, structural shocks are nearly uncorrelated across countries. 相似文献
102.
Fabio Freitas 《Review of Political Economy》2013,25(3):258-281
AbstractThe paper presents a simple but complete formal version of the Sraffian supermultiplier model in which (i) growth is led by the autonomous components of demand that do not create capacity; (ii) private productive investment is an induced expenditure; and (iii) income distribution is exogenous. We show that the main results of the long-period and fully adjusted versions of the model in terms of growth rate and level effects are quite similar and therefore that such results in no way require the full adjustment of capacity to demand. We then analyze a simple set of sufficient dynamic local stability conditions that allow the long-period positions to gravitate towards the fully adjusted position in which capacity is adjusted to demand and that also provide the upper limit to demand-led growth paths. Finally, we show how some critics of the model have misinterpreted it as being supply-led and how this has led to a further confusion between the analysis of the tendency towards a constant value of the capacity-saving-determined warranted rate of growth and the proper stability analysis of the opposite process of adjusting capacity to demand (which tends to adjust the warranted rate endogenously to the growth rate of autonomous demand). 相似文献
103.
This paper employs data for a panel of firms from France, Italy and the UK to study the effect of the recession of the early 1990s on inventory investment, controlling for cyclical fluctuations at the firm level. The results clearly show some common patterns across countries, pointing to the relevance of financial factors (namely, the level of leverage) in propagating initial recessionary shocks. Moreover, Italian firms, especially if ‘small and young’, seem more likely to suffer from a reduction in the value of collateralizable assets possibly originated by restrictive policy actions. 相似文献
104.
Fabio Petri 《Review of Political Economy》2013,25(3):268-288
This article deals with the neglecct of the economics profession towards Hick's change of mind, after Value and capital, concerning the appropriateness of the use of the notion of temporary equilibrium analysis. In what follows a reconstruction and critical evalaiton of Hicks's views on the legitimacy of the equilibrium method will be undertaken. It will be argued that Hicks's rejection of both the traditional (long-period) marginalist general equilibrium and the post-Walrasian alternative of temporary or intertemporal equilibrium raises wider issues that pose problems for contemporary treatments of such matters. 相似文献
105.
This paper assumes that tourism educated and trained students play different roles (in driving future tourist demands and in meeting current tourist preferences, respectively), and it states that the main features characterising the four stakeholders involved in the design, development and implementation of tourism programmes (firms, students, educational and governmental institutions), together with the main facts they face in taking their decisions, lead to a non-optimal strategic long-run equilibrium, where tourism non-graduated or differently-from-tourism graduated employees prevail. The development of an evolutionary model allows to identify the main features characterising firms and students, to be focused on by educational and governmental institutions, in order to move towards the optimal equilibrium, where tourism graduated employees prevail, while the development of a dynamic model allows to show that this equilibrium is not detrimental to tourism trained employees. This work also suggests a possible educational strategy that could allow to move away from the non-optimal equilibrium, by achieving public objectives (such as environmental or ethical tourism), by relying on feasible educational approaches (about what and how to teach), and by taking into account the private characteristics (of firms and students). Therefore, balancing tourism education and training is both possible and beneficial to all stakeholders involved. 相似文献
106.
Despite a general trend of lower charges for mobile calls, in Europe, prices for international roaming calls have remained at levels that are surprisingly high. The apparent reluctance of mobile network operators to lower roaming tariff is generating many antitrust concerns. This paper presents in a two‐country two‐firm framework the functioning of the current system governing wholesale international roaming agreements based on interoperator tariffs. The focus is on the role of traffic management; thanks to the emergence of traffic direction techniques, mobile network operators are allowed to select the roaming partner. We show that, unless these techniques do not allow for perfect control on traffic flows, traffic management does not improve the market's efficiency. In line with the regulatory mechanism recently adopted by the European Commission, we show that a simple price cap mechanism may restore partial efficiency in the wholesale market. We also show that although cross‐border cooperation at the wholesale level is Pareto efficient, it will not emerge as an equilibrium of a two‐sided matching game. 相似文献
107.
108.
Alain Chateauneuf Fabio Maccheroni Massimo Marinacci Jean-Marc Tallon 《Economic Theory》2005,26(4):973-982
Summary. In a multiple priors model á la Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), we provide necessary and sufficient behavioral conditions ensuring the countable additivity and non-atomicity of all priors.Received: 25 November 2002, Revised: 24 June 2004, JEL Classification Numbers:
D81.We thank Roko Aliprantis, Maristella Botticini, Erio Castagnoli, Larry Epstein, Paolo Ghirardato, Itzhak Gilboa, Luigi Montrucchio, David Schmeidler, Marciano Siniscalchi, an Associate Editor, and an anonymous referee for helpful discussions. Fabio Maccheroni and Massimo Marinacci gratefully acknowledge the financial support of MIUR and NOMOS Sistema (Milano). 相似文献
109.
This paper studies the endogenous determination of telephone local calling areas. In many telephone systems, calls between
users in the same calling area are local; calls to outside the calling area are long distance and priced differently. We allow
the extension of this area to be treated as a strategic variable. We show the extension of the calling areas which maximizes
the carrier's profit to be the same which a welfare maximizing regulator would choose. Under a price cap regime in which prices
are required to meet an average price constraint, the firm manipulates strategically the extension of the local calling areas.
We end the paper by considering the case of a competitive market. In this case, again, the owner of the local loop extends
the local calling areas in response to decreased efficiency or increased competition of its competitors.
Received April 25, 2002; revised version received September 9, 2002
Published online: April 30, 2003 相似文献
110.
The main arguments in favor and against nominal and indexed debts are the incentive to default through inflation versus hedging against unforeseen shocks. We model and calibrate these arguments to assess their quantitative importance. We use a dynamic equilibrium model with tax distortion, government outlays uncertainty, and contingent-debt service. Our framework also recognizes that contingent debt can be associated with incentive problems and lack of commitment. Thus, the benefits of unexpected inflation are tempered by higher interest rates. We obtain that costs from inflation more than offset the benefits from reducing tax distortions. We further discuss sustainability of nominal debt in developing (volatile) countries. 相似文献