第三方逆向物流系统运行机制探讨

本文分析了第三方逆向物流系统运行机制的内涵和特点,阐述了对第三方逆向物流系统运行机制产生影响的因素,提出了通过政府调控机制、市场价格机制、企业自律机制和合作机制来设计良性的第三方逆向物流系统运行机制的建议.     

Changing rewards in contests: Has the three-point rule brought more offense to soccer?

In the mid-nineties FIFA decided to increase from two to three the number of points assigned to the winning team of a soccer match played under traditional round-robin national leagues. Since a game of soccer can be regarded as a contest, FIFA's measure provides an interesting case-study for analysing how a change in the system of rewards (from a zero to a non-zero sum rule) may affect the contestants' equilibrium behaviour. In this paper we try to assess, both theoretically and empirically, whether FIFA's new point rule has changed soccer towards a more offensive game, in which teams adopt more risky strategies. In particular, we evaluate the “na?ve hypothesis” according to which the measure would induce every team to play always more offensively, and we explore the extent to which the change in teams' behaviour may be affected by quality differentials between teams. Our most important hypothesis is that when the asymmetry between opposing teams is large enough, an increase in the reward for victory induces the weaker team to play more defensively, rather than the opposite. By looking at a subset of matches held in the Portuguese first division league, which approximate the conditions of our model, we find support for this hypothesis. First version received: July 1999/Final version received: May 2001     

The dynamics and revealed preference of status-quo optimality

Summary In a preceding companion paper, a static model of individual decision making was proposed that, due to imprecise perceptions, induces simple and inertial behavior at equilibrium (status-quo optimal) points. This paper addresses two complementary issues. Firstly, it studies the learning dynamics induced by the model and shows that its well-defined limit behavior ranges from status-quo optimal to fully optimal, depending on the underlying features of the problem. Secondly, the paper characterizes the behavioral implications of the model and compares them with those derived from standard decision-theoretic frameworks. Specifically, it is shown that, from a Revealed-Preference perspective, status-quo optimal behavior may be identified with that rationalizable by an acyclic preference relation, possibly intransitive.     

城市地价评估中的地质环境问题

地价评估通常考虑的影响因素主要有社会因素、经济因素、政策法规，以及地块的地理位置，而对城市的地质环境的影响考虑较少。本文就城市地质环境问题，研究了其对土地价格评估的作用，以及在地价评估中的量化关系。     

基于功能耦合的供应链系统研究

论述了供应链研究的现状与存在的不足,分析了供应链协同运作的体制障碍及供应链系统协同运作的必要性,最后建立了一个基于协同运作的供应链耦合系统。     

Technological change, human capital update and growth policies

This paper presents a model of growth driven simultaneously by innovation and human capital accumulation. Two different long-run equilibria are possible, according to whether or not workers skills are completely updated over time as knowledge expands. Skill gaps could arise as a consequence of poor education infrastructures, even in the efficient solution; in such circumstances, we find that whilst education policies are able to encourage growth, R&D policies are not. Otherwise, subsidizing education becomes ineffective for enhancing growth, although it could be necessary to avoid possible skill gaps originated by the R&D growth-enhancing policy.JEL Classification: O41, O33The authors wish to thank the financial support received for the project SEC 2001-2469 (Ministry of Science and Technology, Spain, and FEDER), as well as the comments of the co-editor and the referees.     

创新型城市的概念、构成要素及发展战略

本文界定了创新型城市的内涵,在充分借鉴世界先进创新型城市的发展经验基础上,分析城市创新体系的构成要素,提出区域一体化联动和差异化发展战略。     

Money and exchange rates in the Grossman-Weiss-Rotemberg model

We analyze the impact of monetary policy on inflation, interest rates and exchange rates in a model with segmented asset markets developed by Grossman and Weiss (1983) and Rotemberg (1984, 1985). We find parameters for which real and nominal exchange rates in this model are (1) much more volatile than interest rates, inflation rates, and money growth rates, (2) highly correlated with each other, and (3) highly persistent. While this model fails to match the data in other important respects, it illustrates a potentially useful approach to modelling exchange rate behavior.     

浅谈英语教学改革中对学生英译汉技巧的培养

英语教学改革要求我们要把提高学生的英语应用能力放在第一位，教师要在学生的学习过程中起到引导和辅助的作用。在英译汉的过程中，教师不能只生硬地传授译文，而是要把英译汉的规律进行归粪总结，得出一些象数学公式一样的翻译技巧，将其传授给学生，让学生在学习中加以实践运用，达到以不变应万变的良好效果，进而提高学生的英语应用能力。     

自主创新:"十一五"行业主要任务 许坤元副会长谈如何贯彻中央经济工作会议精神

11月29目至12月1日。中共中央、国务院召开的中央经济工作会议在北京举行。这次关系国民经济发展的重要会议分析了“十五”时期国内经济社会发展工作的成就及取得的重要认识和经验、当前我国的经济形势，阐述了未来经济社会发展主要预期目标和需要解决的重点问题。本刊记者在会后对中国纺织工业协会许坤元副会长进行了专访。许会长在分析纺织产业“十五”期间取得的成就和发展现状的基础上强调指出：自主创新是纺织工业“十一五”时期的主要任务，并对如何实现全面增强自主创新能力、节约能源资源。推动纺织行业协调、健康可持续发展进行了深入浅出地分析。[编者按]