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561.
This article investigates the factors that determine differences across OECD countries in health outcomes, using data on life
expectancy at age 65, over the period 1960 to 2007. We estimate a production function where life expectancy depends on health
and social spending, lifestyle variables, and medical innovation. Our first set of regressions include a set of observed medical
technologies by country. Our second set of regressions proxy technology using a spatial process. This article also tests whether
in the long-run countries tend to achieve similar levels of health outcomes. Our results show that health spending has a significant
and mild effect on health outcomes, even after controlling for medical innovation. However, its short-run adjustments do not
seem to have an impact on health care productivity. Spatial spill overs in life expectancy are significant and point to the
existence of interdependence across countries in technology adoption. Furthermore, nations with initial low levels of life
expectancy tend to catch up with those with longer-lived populations. 相似文献
562.
Francesco Feri 《Economics Letters》2012,115(2):258-262
We study the determinants of the (steady-state) POUM effect in a model where the individuals evaluate their expected future income using both their current income and observable characteristics such as education, race or gender. 相似文献
563.
We develop a mainstream reformulation of the original Walras?? model of capital accumulation. We overcome the shortcomings of the original model. First, we prove the existence of intertemporal competitive equilibria. Our proof combines a well known theorem due to Yannelis and Prabhakar (J Math Econ 12:233?C245, 1983) with a lemma due to Geanakoplos (Econ Theory 21:585?C603, 2003). Secondly, we remedy the indeterminacy of allocation of savings across multiple types of capital goods by introducing a storage technology. Finally, we show that, for stored capital goods, the equality of rates of returns emerges endogenously in equilibrium, while it was imposed by Walras from the outset in his original contribution. 相似文献
564.
565.
566.
At first glance the Italian accounting tradition of Economia Aziendale and Chambers’ system of Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA) appear extreme opposites. The ex ante financial calculation of distributable income drawing on the net present values of the aggregative net assets in the former, and in the latter a system of accounting for an all‐inclusive income with the separable assets measured in terms of their current cash equivalents, appear irreconcilable, unlikely bedfellows. But the International Financial Reporting Standards present a system using separable and aggregative assets’ fair values and calculations of their net present values in assessing asset impairment. Whether Economia Aziendale and CoCoA are indeed so opposed deserves renewed examination. Anglo‐American accounting, of which expositions of CoCoA are part, is said to lack a business economics tradition of the kind said to justify Economia Aziendale. This stands in stark contrast with European traditions manifested in the Dutch Bedrijfseconomie, the German Betriebswirtschaft, and the Italian Economia Aziendale. This article seeks to understand that absence by contrasting—the Economia Aziendale framework and accounting theory developed in the Anglo‐American tradition. The primary elements of space and time coordination—the lynchpins of the pure theory of the azienda (the core of Economia Aziendale)—are generally regarded as missing in the Anglo‐American tradition. But the original construction of Economia Aziendale leads to the generalization that any attempt to determine a firm's value or to measure and analyse its performance during its lifetime would result in an unacceptable interruption of the space and time coordination, and yield unreliable results. Curiously, the analysis here exposes an unexpected complementarity of Chambers’ CoCoA and some postulates of the pure theory of Economia Aziendale. The theory that has been only partially acceptable to the Anglo‐American profession (namely its use of market [fair] values) emerges as highly compatible with the most theoretically extreme in the Italian tradition. 相似文献
567.
Economic and political liberalizations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Francesco Giavazzi 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2005,52(7):1297-1330
This paper studies empirically the effects and the interactions of economic and political liberalizations. Economic liberalizations are measured as reforms that increase the scope of the market. Political liberalizations correspond to the event of becoming a democracy. Using difference-in-difference estimation, we study the effects on economic performance, macroeconomic policy and structural policies. Our main contribution is the analysis of the joint effects of both liberalizations, and the finding that the sequence of reforms matters. Countries that first liberalize the economy and then become democracies do much better than countries that pursue the opposite sequence, in almost all dimensions. 相似文献
568.
There is a need for tests that are derived from the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators of regression coefficients and are useful in the presence of unspecified forms of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. A method that uses the moving block bootstrap and quasi‐estimators in order to derive a consistent estimator of the asymptotic covariance matrix for the OLS estimators and robust significance tests is proposed. The method is shown to be asymptotically valid and Monte Carlo evidence indicates that it is capable of providing good control of significance levels in finite samples and good power compared with two other bootstrap tests. 相似文献
569.
The paper investigates the nexus between labor and financial markets, focusing on how labor union’s attitude in the wage-setting process and the firm’s investment strategy affect asset returns. We assume that the labor union’s relative preferences between wage and employment depend on selected measures of firm’s financial performance. The paper shows that if the labor union ties its preference for wage to the firm’s dividends (or to any other quantity measuring available liquidity), then the volatility of the firm’s returns increases. Consequently, equities have to grant high expected returns in order to remunerate the increased volatility. This mechanism offers an explanation for the “equity premium” (that is the difference between the equity return rate and the risk free rate). It is a welcome result that the simulated excess return is about the empirical estimate and that it is obtained with a plausibly low parameterization of the shareholders’ risk aversion. 相似文献
570.
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