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71.
We introduce non-linear fiscal reaction functions with endogenously estimated state-varying thresholds to capture the behaviour of fiscal policy authorities during “good” and “bad” times. These thresholds vary with the level of debt, the economic cycle and a financial pressure index. 相似文献
72.
Achille Basile Anna De Simone Maria Gabriella Graziano 《Decisions in Economics and Finance》1996,19(1-2):187-203
For an exchange economy with finitely many agents and a commodity space which is infinite dimensional, it is proved that competitive
equilibria are the same as allocations belonging to the fuzzy core of the economy. The latter is further characterized as
a subset of the ordinary core of a suitably associated continuum economy.
Riassunto Per un'economia di puro scambio con un numero finito di agenti e uno spazio dei beni di dimensione non necessariamente finita, si prova che gli equilibri Walrasiani possono essere caratterizzati come allocazioni che appartengono al nucleo fuzzy dell'economia. Inoltre, queste ultime allocazioni sono in corrispondenza biunivoca con allocazioni di tipo semplice che si trovano nel nucleo ordinario di un'opportuna economia che ha [0,1] come spazio rappresentativo dello spazio degli agenti.相似文献
73.
Design is defined as a strategic competency that can be utilized in order to create new objects, artifacts (i.e. products), systems and services, starting with some idea about customer needs. Since the products and services from the design process are of strategic importance to the company, design knowledge itself can become a strategic asset. Although one might expect design to be an internal resource from the point of view of transaction costs, most companies only possess some design competencies and acquire creative design skills from design consultants. The important issue is how they delineate what is strategic and what is not strategic, but skills. The article is based on two case studies from the furniture industry in which the companies have found different solutions. In the paper we therefore explain the differences in terms of the resource-based view on strategy. This indicates different conceptions of design resources, operating in different, but comparable contexts. 相似文献
74.
Roger Horowitz opens Putting Meat on the American Table: Taste,Technology, Transformation with the observation that Americais a meat-eating nation. Throughout his narrative, he examinesthe forces that allow so much meatsix to eight ouncesper person per dayto satiate Americans appetite.The central questions driving Horowitzs analysis are(a) what is the relationship between producing and consuminga product and (b) how does the nature of the good affect thisrelationship? In 相似文献
75.
Abstract
We establish characterizations of Radner equilibrium allocations via private core notions in the framework of differential
information economies with a finite number of states of nature and a measure space of agents that may have atoms. The commodity
space is an ordered separable Banach space whose positive cone admits an interior point. We introduce the notion of Aubin private core and prove that it provides a characterization of Radner equilibrium allocations. We show that the Aubin private core is equivalent
to Edgeworth private equilibria and to privately non-dominated allocations of suitable associated economies.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 91B50, 91B44
Journal of Economic Literature Classification: D51, D82, D11 相似文献
76.
Design is defined as a strategic competency that can be utilized in order to create new objects, artifacts (i.e. products), systems and services, starting with some idea about customer needs. Since the products and services from the design process are of strategic importance to the company, design knowledge itself can become a strategic asset. Although one might expect design to be an internal resource from the point of view of transaction costs, most companies only possess some design competencies and acquire creative design skills from design consultants. The important issue is how they delineate what is strategic and what is not strategic, but skills. The article is based on two case studies from the furniture industry in which the companies have found different solutions. In the paper we therefore explain the differences in terms of the resource-based view on strategy. This indicates different conceptions of design resources, operating in different, but comparable contexts. 相似文献
77.
Several authors in recent years have discussed the observed trend towards the externalisation of (part of) a firm's R&D activities. As a consequence, several companies have been created that provide innovators with technical and scientific services such as R&D contracts, laboratory testing services, technology consulting, industrial design, engineering.
The paper is based upon an empirical study which consists of (i) an extensive analysis, in which information has been collected (for about two hundred companies) on size, location and type of services offered; (ii) an intensive analysis, in which one case is studied in depth of a company providing product development services. Some conclusions have been drawn regarding the characteristics of the market of product development services and the management and organisation of companies operating in that market. 相似文献
The paper is based upon an empirical study which consists of (i) an extensive analysis, in which information has been collected (for about two hundred companies) on size, location and type of services offered; (ii) an intensive analysis, in which one case is studied in depth of a company providing product development services. Some conclusions have been drawn regarding the characteristics of the market of product development services and the management and organisation of companies operating in that market. 相似文献
78.
Vittorio Chiesa Federico Frattini Valentina Lazzarotti Raffaella Manzini 《Project Management Journal》2007,38(4):45-59
Implementing a performance measurement system (PMS) for research and development (R&D) is fundamental for supporting decision making and motivating researchers and engineers; however, this is a very challenging task, because effort levels are not measurable and success highly uncertain. Even if the subject has largely been debated in academic and practitioners literature so far, an acknowledged managerial approach is not available yet. This paper investigates the implementation and use of a PMS in new product development (NPD) projects, which represents a relatively unexplored issue in the R&D performance measurement debate. In particular, studying the case of a military aircraft development project, it provides a reference framework that integrates the major literature contributions' findings and suggests a practical approach for the design and implementation of an effective PMS for NPD. 相似文献
79.
Should companies make explicit external statements of their ethical stance? If so, at what point in their ethical development? And, what form might such a statement take? The authors, MBA students at London Business School, researched these questions among the stakeholders of a large financial services organisation in the UK, and recommended what they term “the drip effect” approach. The implications of the project offer insights to other companies which may be deliberating whether and how to produce an external statement of ethics. 相似文献
80.
Maria Gabriella Graziano 《Economic Theory》2001,17(1):121-139
Summary. This paper deals with a private ownership production economy assuming that the commodity space is infinite-dimensional. It
is first showed that the fuzzy core allocations, a concept that goes back to J.-P. Aubin, are in a one-to-one correspondence
with certain core allocations of a continuum economy suitably defined. This result is obtained under convexity of preferences
and production sets and separability of the commodity space. In the case of nonconvex preferences and production sets, the
set of fuzzy coalitions can be enlarged in order to obtain that every allocation of the core accordingly defined is supported
by a non zero price. The proof of the equivalence result when the positive cone of the commodity space has the empty interior,
is obtained under assumptions of properness for preferences relations and production sets.
Received: July 9, 1998; revised version: December 6, 1999 相似文献