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91.
Clean technology — Innovation and environmental regulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The development and diffusion of clean technologies has an important role to play in preventing pollution. Government must address the issue of how firms can be given the necessary incentive to develop environmentally sound production techniques and products. This paper focus on how subsidies can — under certain restrictive conditions — stimulate innovation. Subsidization is usually assumed to involve unit subsidies for pollution reduction. Unit subsidies have little to do with the subsidy schemes in actual use. Our focus is on subsidy schemes specifically designed to promote the development of clean technologies through the use of grants/financial aid. Based on data from the development projects initiated through The Danish Clean Technology Programme we analyze how environmental innovations take place when the polluters, their suppliers and consultants are actively engaged in the development processes. The main merit of subsidy schemes like the Danish one is its direct focus on the innovation processes and the active incorporation of the network of firms surrounding the polluters. Our findings lead us to conclude that when it comes to subsidization, the role of government should be redefined. Government can act as a matchmaker by providing firms with informative incentives and necessary contacts for finding more efficient technological solutions to specific environmental problems. 相似文献
92.
Thiess Buettner Michael Overesch Georg Wamser 《International Tax and Public Finance》2016,23(5):785-797
This paper reconsiders the role of interest deductibility for internal debt financing of multinational corporations (MNCs). We provide quasi-experimental evidence using restrictions on interest deductibility through thin-capitalization rules. Explicitly distinguishing between firms subject to a binding restriction and unrestricted firms, a panel data sample selection model is used to explore the tax sensitivity of the capital structure of foreign subsidiaries of MNCs. Our results confirm that the tax incentive for using internal loans is effectively removed for restricted subsidiaries. While internal debt financing of unrestricted subsidiaries positively responds to taxes, the effects are relatively small. 相似文献
93.
94.
Georg Quaas 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(5):351-355
In der Februarausgabe 2011 ver?ffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst einen Beitrag von Gunther Schnabl zum Thema „Strukturelle
Verzerrungen im W?hrungskrieg“. Georg Quaas setzt sich kritisch mit diesem Beitrag auseinander. 相似文献
95.
Modem innovation theory holds that the choice of production technique and technical porgress are unseparable activities so that technological progress can be described as localized. Based on this conception one has to expect an intra-sectoral firm heterogeneity in the production techniques applied and the technical efficiency achieved which contrasts to the presumption of intra-sectoral homogeneity as suggested by neoclassical theory. For measuring intra-industry heterogeneity an empirical tool is required which does not rest on the assumption of homogeneity, i.e. on a common production function for all firms under consideration. The method which does not require this assumption, Data Envelopment Analysis, is non-parametric, allows for firm-specific production functions and helps to determine differences in both technical efficiency and production technique applied. This tool is introduced in its basic formulation, its main features are discussed on ihe basis of modern innovation theory, and an empirical analysis for the German machinery, electronics and chemical industry is presented. 相似文献
96.
97.
Kai Carstensen Steffen Elstner Georg Paula 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2013,115(3):695-721
In this paper, we use a structural vector autoregressive model to study the effects of oil market developments on the German economy. We find that higher oil prices are always associated with a decline in private consumption expenditures, but the response of gross domestic product (GDP) crucially depends on the underlying shock. While a disruption in oil supply provokes a recession, positive world demand shocks prompt a temporary increase in exports and investment, which initially outweigh the cutback on consumption. In a counterfactual analysis, we show that the world demand shocks that led to the 2007/2008 oil price rise triggered a delayed 0.8 percent decrease in German GDP in 2009, and therefore notably contributed to the recession of that year. 相似文献
98.
William B. Walstad Sam Allgood Tisha Emerson Gail Hoyt KimMarie McGoldrick Georg Schaur 《The Journal of economic education》2013,44(3):233-238
In an experimental economics simulation, Ukrainian teachers of economics chose free riding responses at a rate similar to those found by Leuthold in an undergraduate class on public economics at the University of Illinois. The authors speculate that those who become academic economists may do so because they have certain insights in deductive logic. 相似文献
99.
Georg Holtz 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2012,79(4):734-743
Transition research investigates processes of fundamental change in societal subsystems, such as a transition to a low-emission mobility system. Much of transition research uses abstract frameworks to structure narratives. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms generating transitions is however required for purposefully influencing transitions (to sustainability). Such mechanisms comprise constellations of actors, technologies, institutions and their interactions leading to a specific type of phenomenon and refer to more confined social phenomena than transitions. This paper introduces the PSM (Phenomenon of interest, Specification and operationalization, Mechanism) approach to embed mechanisms describing particular dynamics of interest within the broader picture of an overall transition. The PSM approach uses three steps to bridge abstraction levels: 1) identify a phenomenon of interest in a specific phase of a transition and on or across levels of the multi-level perspective, 2) specify and operationalize the phenomenon of interest, and 3) identify mechanisms which are (partial) explanations of the phenomenon of interest. The PSM approach is considered useful to bridge levels of abstractions between which policy development must navigate, to empirically ground discussions around abstract frameworks and to transfer insights on relevant mechanisms between cases. An illustrative example from the mobility field is given. 相似文献
100.