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George M. Constantinides 《Journal of Financial Economics》1984,13(1):65-89
The tax law confers upon the investor a timing option - to realize capital losses and defer capital gains. With the tax rate on long term gains and losses being about half the short term rate, the law provides a second timing option - to realize losses short term and gains long term, if at all. Our theory and simulation over the 1962–1977 period establish that taxable investors should realize long term gains in high variance stocks and repurchase stock in order to realize potential future losses short term. Tax trading does not explain the small-firm anomaly but predicts a seasonal pattern in trading volume which maps into a seasonal pattern in stock prices, the January anomaly, only if investors are irrational or ignorant of the price seasonality. 相似文献
994.
This paper provides additional evidence on the usefulness of duration as a strategy tool by developing a two-factor duration model and by using a reasonably reliable database to compare empirically the relative performance of maturity, one-factor duration, and two-factor duration matching strategies in immunizing portfolios of default-free and option-free bonds against interest rate risk. The results suggest that, on average, duration models, even for arbitrarily assumed simple stochastic processes, are more accurate than maturity models and that increased accuracy may be achieved by increasing the length of the planning period and the number of factors in the model. 相似文献
995.
An expression is obtained for the distribution of a convolution of independent and identically distributed logistic random variables by directly inverting the characteristic function. This distribution is shown to be closely approximated by a student'st distribution when both distribution are standardized. Moreover, by showing that some of the analytic simplicity and statistical properties that are manifest in the single logistic also obtain in the convolution, an application of the convolution as a dose-response curve in the bio-assay problem is suggested. 相似文献
996.
George A. Christodoulakis 《Finance Research Letters》2005,2(4):583-233
We present closed-form results for the out-of-sample forecasts under the joint presence of asymmetric loss and non-normality, extending the results of Granger [1969. Operations Research Quarterly 20, 199–207; 1999. Spanish Economic Review 1, 161–173] and Christoffersen and Diebold [1997. Econometric Theory 13, 808–817]. We consider the LinEx and Double LinEx loss functions and non-normal distributions in the form of the Gram–Charlier class. We show how the preference asymmetries interact with the distribution asymmetries to determine optimal forecasts which contain the optimal predictors under symmetry and normality as special cases. We also examine the implications of our results for the development of forecast rationality tests, extending the work of Batchelor and Peel [1998. Economics Letters 61, 49–54]. Our results are relevant for the design of efficient investment and risk management policies. 相似文献
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The reliability of national accounts is determined by the adequacy of a great variety of data sources and estimating methods. This inquiry focuses on major conceptual and methodological problems, and while it does not solve the reliability problem, it provides a framework for reliability analysis and suggests criteria for the evaluation of results; it also assists the producers of national accounts in determining the major trade-offs between different areas of possible data improvement. 相似文献
999.
The exact density functions of the OLS and 2SLS estimators when exogenous variables are wrongly excluded from the equation being estimated, where two endogenous variables appear in the equation of interest, are presented and tabulated. Misspecification does not appear to alter the relative concentrations of OLS and 2SLS — OLS is always more concentrated — but does change the relative biases with the result that under misspecification OLS may indeed be the superior estimation technique. In addition, misspecification can substantially increase the concentration of both estimators, as well as reducing their biases, therebyyielding an apparent improvement in estimator performance. 相似文献
1000.