„Politische Kommunikation“: Kern und Rand des Begriffsverständnisses in der Fachgemeinschaft

Terms and concepts are both premises and results of research. Controversies about the basic concepts of a discipline prompt scientific advancement. The aim of this paper is not to put forward an authoritative definition of “political communication,” but—based on prototype semantics—rather to work out what the core of the understanding of this concept is within the scientific community, and what the margin. This is also a test for a method of analyzing the understanding of concepts in general. The basis is a dimensional analysis of the concept of “political communication,” in which a four-dimensional basic structure established by deduction was tested by means of a content analysis of textbook definitions. This leads to a tool for a factorial survey to empirically analyze students’ and lecturers’ understanding of this concept (n = 161). The findings were: At the heart of the understanding of the concept are communication participants deeply involved in the political system in a context of mass media communication. Differences in content and consequences of communication have no influence on the understanding of the concept, and the differences between students and lecturers are small. Comparisons between countries and longitudinal studies are possible on this basis.     

The making of the German minimum wage: a case study of institutional change

In the more recent dualistic theories, Germany is cited as an example of a less solidaristic equilibrium, in which ‘producer coalitions’ between core workforces supposedly unaffected by deregulation and their employers prevented the introduction of a minimum wage. The present article shows that such an equilibrium never existed. Core workforces are being threatened by the outsourcing of jobs to the low‐wage sector. This threat created the breeding ground for a joint campaign by manufacturing and service unions for a minimum wage, which made it possible to amalgamate the unions' considerable resources at company level, their strength being derived from the German system of codetermination. Under pressure from the manufacturing unions in particular, the arrangements for the minimum wage follow, as far as possible, the traditions of free collective bargaining. As a result, the social partners in Germany have a considerably stronger influence on the minimum wage than those in the UK.     

Long-run growth and welfare effects of public policies with distortionary taxation

In a one-sector growth model with infrastructure investment, we study the impact of fiscal policies on growth. The government collects taxes on labor income and profits. The government uses these revenues to purchase infrastructure investment, provide utility enhancing government services, and to provide transfer payments to the households. We show that the balanced growth rate is an increasing function of the percent of government revenues that goes to infrastructure. We find that the growth maximizing mix of taxes depends on the elasticity of substitution between inputs. In particular, with distortionary taxes, the growth maximizing tax rate on capital is higher the lower the elasticity of substitution between private physical capital and public capital. In addition, the growth maximizing size of the government is higher when the elasticity of substitution between public and private inputs is low. We also investigate welfare effects of other public expenditures as well. Depending on the elasticity of substitution in production, the welfare implications of different public policies can be substantial.     

Budgetary policy of the European Communities: Squaring the circle

The EC's budgetary problems are coming to a head. For 1983 virtually all the Community's resources have been utilized, and there are growing fears that the Community will soon have to declare itself bankrupt unless changes are made to current policy. What should be done to secure the financing of Community policies taking account of the additional financial requirements resulting from the impending accession of Spain and Portugal?     

Consumer behaviour in Austria

Zusammenfassung Mit dieser Arbeit wollen wir vor allem zwei Fragen beantworten. Führen verschiedene Ansätze zur Erklärung des Konsumentenverhaltens letztlich zu ähnlichen Schätzwerten für Einkommens- und Preiselastizitäten, so daß es nicht von übermäßiger Bedeutung ist, für welchen Ansatz man sich entscheidet. Verursachte die Rezession von 1975 eine Änderung im Verhalten der Konsumenten, wie dies manchmal unterstellt wurde. Um diese Fragen zu klären, testeten wir vier gängige Konsumtheorien mit österreichischen Daten, und zwar eine in den Logarithmen lineare Konsumfunktion, die Theorie der Konsumgewohnheiten vonBrown, das Modell vonHouthakker—Taylor und den Ansatz vonCoen—Hickman. Die Auswahl dieser Ansätze zur Erklärung des Konsumentenverhaltens erfolgte nicht rein willkürlich. Ursprünglich beabsichtigten wir alle bedeutenden Konsumtheorien zu testen. Dieses Vorhaben scheiterte aber daran, daß die dafür benötigten Daten in Österreich zur Zeit noch nicht vorhanden sind. Wir mußten uns daher mit einem Test der oben erwähnten Konsumtheorien zufrieden geben.

---

---

Contributed paper presented at the European Meeting of the Econometric Society, Vienna, September 6–9, 1977.     

Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor de Staathuishoudkunde

Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor de StaathuishoudkundeAnnouncements of the Royal Netherlands Economic Association     

Der Einfluß des Autorenhonorars auf den Bücherpreis

Ohne ZusammenfassungDer Verfasser möchte sich an dieser Stelle für die finanzielle Unterstützung bei der Ford Foundation und ganz besonders für die zahlreichen Gespräche und fruchtbaren Anregungen bei Herrn Professor Dr. Fritz Machlup, Princeton University, bedanken.     

Inheritance and inequality when wealth enters the utility function

The distribution of wealth and its dynamic development are analyzed within a non-overlapping generations model. All individuals have identical preferences and abilities. Wealth is represented by land, which is available in fixed aggregate supply. Utility depends on a perishable consumption good and—due to a bequest and/or a prestige motive—in addition on land owned. Two configurations can occur as long run equilbrium: equality and two class dichotomy. All Two Class Equilibria are unstable. The Equality Equilibrium is unstable if and only if land is sufficiently productive. In the case of instability there is a process towards maximal concentration of wealth.For helpful discussions I am indebted to G. Clemenz, S. Krasa, and M. Winkler.