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31.
Erin Meyer 《三联竞争力》2010,(2):18-18
中国文化相当多面和多变,商业文化也不例外,有三个方面最常被误读。
美国式个人主义:多年以来,中国似乎都是笼罩着浓厚集体主义的国家,但环境已经发生巨变。陈伟是一位巴黎奢侈品行业的经理,他不断亲身感受到中国个人主义的上升。 相似文献
32.
This paper applied cost-effectiveness analysis to the use of drug therapy in the treatment of AIDS. The empirical approach adopted overcame the facts that the samples of patients had varying clinical prognoses, had variable entry dates into the samples and, because AIDS is a terminal disease, had variable exit dates. Holding these variables constant, administration of the drug AZT proved to be a less costly alternative than other existing palliatives for AIDS. The sub-sample of patients treated with AZT had lower hospitalization costs, lower caring costs and sufferers had an increased ability to continue to participate for longer as economically active members of society. 相似文献
33.
Horst Braunwarth/Dirk Meyer 《Heilberufe》2009,61(12):41-43
Wundumgebung und Wundauflagen - Die wundumgebende Haut, sofern sie intakt
ist, hat eigentlich keinen direkten Einfluss auf die Wundheilung, da aber die Wundauflagen
oder der Sekund?rverband auf der wundumgebenden Haut fixiert wird, ist die
Beurteilung und Schutz dieser Hautareale für die Wundheilung von Bedeutung. 相似文献
34.
Thomas Straubhaar Henning V?pel Gerhard Illing Heiner Flassbeck Friederike Spiecker Stefan Bach Gert G. Wagner 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2012,92(9):583-598
The European Central Bank (ECB) recently announced its willingness to do whatever is needed to save the euro. This has raised the question whether such a role of the ECB must lead to higher rates of infl ation. Under current recessive macroeconomic conditions in the eurozone, the ECB’s expansionary monetary policy will not lead to higher infl ation. On the contrary, there is a serious danger of defl ation. Higher infl ation would likely occur only if a permanent stabilisation function were assigned to the ECB. Yet historical examples show that mistakes can be made. During the stagnation in Japan, US economists heavily criticised the Bank of Japan’s timid monetary policy response. But in some sense, current Fed policy seems to be a direct copy of that strategy, caused by uncertainty about the proper communication channel. An infl ation tax could help to bring down the mounting public debt in the wake of the fi nancial crisis, but higher wealth taxes have more transparent distributional effects. 相似文献
35.
Alliances and other forms of cooperation between firms often promise great benefits, for example, by the exchange of knowledge or co‐specialization of resources. At the same time, the necessary actions to realize these benefits can augment vulnerability to opportunistic behaviour of partners. In addition to formal contracts to mitigate the resulting behavioural uncertainties, often, mechanisms, such as reputation or ethical values, are suggested as important supplements. However, when it comes to assessment of a specific cooperation opportunity, it is difficult to account systematically for the economic consequences of these ‘softer factors’. Therefore, this paper aims to surpass mere financial analysis of chance and risk and to integrate systematically both reputation and ethical values into an economic assessment of cooperative relationships. For this purpose, we develop a theoretical framework that is based on a simple‐decision model to account for reputation and ethical values of potential partners as drivers of behavioural uncertainty reduction. We also discuss how this framework can be used to assess cooperative relationships and illustrate these ideas with reference to the inter‐organizational accounting practices of a large drugstore chain and its suppliers. 相似文献
36.
At their London summit in April 2009 the G20 proposed major changes in the governance of the International Monetary Fund (IMF):
a reallocation of voting shares to emerging and developing countries, an antedated reform of the quota system, a delinking
of the managing director’s election from regional origin and support for the Singapore quota and voice reform of 2006. Unfortunately,
these reform proposals remain in part imprecise, they leave crucial issues untouched and they have so far not been implemented. 相似文献
37.
Suresh Bhagavatula Tom Elfring Aad van Tilburg Gerhard G. van de Bunt 《Journal of Business Venturing》2010,25(3):245-260
Small-scale firms in rural areas play an extremely important role in the development of any country, and especially in developing countries. To understand entrepreneurs who operate in a low-technology industry, we rely on the network perspective on entrepreneurship. In this paper, we investigate how the social and human capital of entrepreneurs (in this case master weavers in the handloom industry) influence their ability to recognize opportunities and mobilize resources. In addition to examining the direct effects, we also explore the possibilities of social capital mediating between human capital, on the one hand, and opportunity recognition and resource mobilization on the other. This paper adds to existing literature in two ways: firstly, we expand the social capital paradigm by including different cultural settings and links to existing studies regarding small enterprises. Secondly, we provide additional evidence to the ongoing debate as to what constitutes a ‘good network’. 相似文献
38.
The proportional odds model is the most widely used model when the response has ordered categories. In the case of high‐dimensional predictor structure, the common maximum likelihood approach typically fails when all predictors are included. A boosting technique pomBoost is proposed to fit the model by implicitly selecting the influential predictors. The approach distinguishes between metric and categorical predictors. In the case of categorical predictors, where each predictor relates to a set of parameters, the objective is to select simultaneously all the associated parameters. In addition, the approach distinguishes between nominal and ordinal predictors. In the case of ordinal predictors, the proposed technique uses the ordering of the ordinal predictors by penalizing the difference between the parameters of adjacent categories. The technique has also a provision to consider some mandatory predictors (if any) that must be part of the final sparse model. The performance of the proposed boosting algorithm is evaluated in a simulation study and applications with respect to mean squared error and prediction error. Hit rates and false alarm rates are used to judge the performance of pomBoost for selection of the relevant predictors. 相似文献
39.
Applying the characterization results from Mitra and Sorger (1999), we show that topological chaos is a robust phenomenon in standard aggregative growth models even under arbitrary mild discounting. Furthermore, we state exact discount factor restrictions, under which two of the most popular examples of chaotic dynamics, the logistic map and the tent map, can be optimal policy functions of aggregative growth models.
JEL Classification Numbers: C61, O41. 相似文献
JEL Classification Numbers: C61, O41. 相似文献
40.