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101.
This is a model of a contest where, in order to win, each opponent can use two instruments. The probabilities of winning
are explored, as well as the expenditures of the interest groups, and the relative rent-dissipation in both cases where the
players have the option to use only one instrument (the standard Tullock contest) and where the players have the option to
use two instruments in the contest. We show that the use of two instruments strengthens the player with the higher stake,
decreases the relative rent dissipation and it decreases total expenditure if the parties are sufficiently asymmetric.
Received: February 23, 2001 / Accepted: March 25, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" We are grateful to two anonymous referees and the editor Kai Konrad, for constructive comments. 相似文献
102.
金炯吉 《南京财经大学学报》2002,(Z1)
文章认为,韩中两国作为近邻,搞活两国间的旅游交流,不仅有利于促进两国间友好关系的发展,而且有利于促进两国间的贸易和文化交流以及增加两国的旅游业收入。因此,文章在分析了韩中旅游交流的现状和特点的基础上,提出了搞活韩中旅游交流的具体方案。 相似文献
103.
Mireia Aparicio-Valverde M. Dolors Celma M. Dels Àngels Gil 《International Advances in Economic Research》1997,3(3):245-254
This paper examines the likely effects of the introduction of the single European currency, whose arrival means that the development
of the economic space of the European Union will be completed. Two aspects of the forthcoming changes are analyzed. First
is the process of monetary integration, which will spread over three years, and is here reviewed chronologically. Second is
the final effect of this process on firms—how different company structures will adapt and what actions will have to be taken
with regard to the management of human resources. 相似文献
104.
This paper characterizes models of ambiguous beliefs in the absence of the completeness axiom. We axiomatize multiple-selves versions of some of the most important examples of complete and ambiguity averse preferences, and characterize when those incomplete preferences are ambiguity averse. 相似文献
105.
This paper studies the firm size distribution arising from an endogenous growth model of quality ladders with expanding variety. The probability distribution function of a given cohort is a Poisson distribution that converges asymptotically to a normal of log size. However, due to firm entry propelled by horizontal R&D, the total distribution—i.e., when the entire population of firms is considered—is a mixture of overlapping Poisson distributions which is systematically right skewed and exhibits a fatter upper tail than the normal distribution of log size. Our theoretical results qualitatively match the empirical evidence found both for the cohort and the total distribution, and which has been presented as a challenge for theory to explain. Moreover, by obtaining a total distribution with a gradually increasing average over a long time span, the model is able to address complementary empirical evidence that points to a total distribution subtly evolving over time. 相似文献
106.
Alessandro Rosiello Michele Mastroeni Morris Teubal Gil Avnimelech 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(7):753-772
This special issue reflects on innovation and industrial policy from the premise that economic growth can be based on the permanent transformation of an economic system via the emergence and/or transformation of multi-agent structures and their inherent competences and knowledge base. The process of emergence or transformation is conceived as being the result of entrepreneurial effort, or entrepreneurs reacting to external stimuli in a way that takes advantage of an evolving knowledge base. The same process, however, can be undermined by both market and institutional failures. Past research has clearly indicated the importance of institutional structures for innovation, but also that structures as they exist may not be ideal: some institutions involved in innovation may provide the wrong incentives, faulty information, or allocate insufficient resources to accomplish their goals or mandates; and they may fail to reduce uncertainty. The paper asks whether and how a targeted, co-evolutionary approach can help overcome a lack of dynamic coordination and other failures that originate in coincidence with the emergence of a complex form of industrial organisation, be it an innovation system, cluster or a new industrial sector. More specifically, it builds upon the extended industry life cycle (EILC) model and the notion of evolutionary targeting to explore the potential benefits (and drawbacks) of targeting biotechnology innovation systems (BISs). 相似文献
107.
Alexandre Ernesto da Costa Antnio Antonio Rodriguez‐Gil 《Review of Development Economics》2020,24(1):209-237
The aim of this article is to examine procyclicality in Angola, assess whether it behaves asymmetrically over the oil cycle, and test the hypothesis that institutions and fiscal rules can moderate procyclicality. Received wisdom suggests that in resource‐rich economies, fiscal policy tends to be procyclical albeit improvements in the past decades due to institutional reforms. Similar evidence is available for oil‐rich economies; however, we know little about how procyclicality behaves over the oil cycle; that is, whether spending (and revenue) grows faster during oil‐market booms, than during downturns. Further, evidence on institutions and fiscal rules in oil‐exporting economies is still ambiguous. We bridge both gaps by examining fiscal policy procyclicality in Angola, one of the largest oil‐producers in Africa, and a country that has experienced an intense process of institutional reforms since 2002. Therefore, it is an ideal candidate for our study. We use data for the 2004–2014 period to estimate a threshold vector error correction model that extends vector autoregressive and vector correction methods used up to date. Our results indicate that revenue and spending are generally procyclical to oil shocks, that revenue is more procyclical during booms, and that institutional quality, net inflows, financial openness, and fiscal rules affect procyclicality. 相似文献
108.
The main goal of this article is to analyse the relationship existing among prices of alcoholic beverages, alcohol consumption and traffic fatalities for the Spanish Autonomous Communities during the time interval 1998 to 2002. Among the main results, we highlight a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and traffic mortality rate. Basically, governments implement two kinds of policies to reduce the traffic mortality rate. One is oriented to control the supply of alcohol by increasing alcohol taxes. The other is oriented to preserve traffic security, increasing the number of sanctions for traffic rule infraction. We find evidence that both policies exert a positive influence in the reduction of traffic fatalities. There is no empirical evidence to indicate that being a novice driver increases the tendency to be involved in a mortal traffic accident. 相似文献
109.
The form of contests for a single fixed prize can be determined by a designer who maximizes the contestants' efforts. This article establishes that, under common knowledge of the two asymmetric contestants' prize valuations, a fair Tullock‐type endogenously determined lottery is always superior to an all‐pay‐auction; it yields larger expected efforts (revenues) for the contest designer. If the contest can be unfair (structural discrimination is allowed), then the designer's payoff under the optimal lottery is equal to his expected payoff under the optimal all‐pay auction. 相似文献
110.
Joan Gil 《Applied economics》2013,45(20):2253-2263
Obesity and overweight are central issues in the public health debate in most developed countries. In this debate, some of the socio-economic determinants of obesity and overweight are still relatively unexplored. This paper presents an empirical examination of the possible influence of social interactions on contemporaneous obesity and (over)underweight. A joint estimation model for obesity and self-image is applied to a sample for Spain taken from the European Union household panel for 1998. The results suggest that obesity might be in part a social phenomenon connected to individuals’ social life. 相似文献