Liberalizing Services Trade In APEC: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Imperfect Competition

The paper studies services-sector trade liberalization in the Asia–Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Forum using a global, multicountry, multisector applied general equilibrium model with an imperfectly competitive service sector. Reducing the service sector's nontariff barriers is modeled by eliminating the possibility for oligopolistic firms to price-discriminate between client countries within APEC and lowering the fixed costs of the firms doing service exporting business. The results suggest that services trade liberalization reinforces existing sectoral trade balances. Increase in demand for intermediate services tends to reinforce rather than counteract the role of primary factors in determining sectoral comparative advantage. The western APEC members received the greatest welfare gains from services trade liberalization, while the developing economies gained more if only tariffs were eliminated.     

我国商业银行并购绩效文献综述

并购重组是典型的市场配置资源手段,是经济效率提升的重要载体,市场经济条件下的并购同样是银行业寻找新的增长点的关键。西方国家的银行并购经验对我国商业银行并购有借鉴意义,以市场化手段开展银行并购,有助于提升我国商业银行的国际竞争能力。     

论商业银行产权主体的金融创新

近年来有学者提出“中国金融创新”假说,之后有人甚至把“我国商业银行的创新”的观点作为定论写进教材。本文沿制度分析的路径,得出中国至今尚未出现金融创新的结论。因为任何一种创新活动的形成,都暗含一个最基本的条件,即需要一个创新主体,这个创新主体即是经济组织的产权主体。只有这个产权主体才是创新的“内在因素”。金融创新只有以清晰的且人格化的产权主体这样的“内在因素”为前提,才能在外部环境的刺激下,获得创新的原动力。本文认为迄今为止我国包括商业银行改革在内的金融改革,实际上全是由政府效用函数所牵引的政府行为。我国商业银行受产权制度的制约,尚未真正成为创新主体,金融改革的最大不足,也在于企图避开商业银行产权制度的改革,而商业银行产权制度的合理安排恰恰是金融创新的先决条件。     

Local impacts of a global crisis: Food price transmission,consumer welfare and poverty in Ghana

This paper takes a local perspective on global food price shocks by analyzing food price transmission between regional markets in Ghana. It also assesses the impacts of food price increases on various household groups. Taking the 2007–2008 global food crisis as an example, we show that prices for domestic grain products are highly correlated with world market prices. This is true both for products for which Ghana is highly import-dependent (e.g., rice) and the products for which Ghana is self-sufficient (e.g., maize). The econometric results also show that price transmission is high between regional producer markets and markets located in the country’s largest cities, and the distance between producer and consumer markets and the size of consumer markets matter in explaining the price transmission. The welfare analysis for households as consumers shows that the effect of world food prices appears relatively modest for the country as a whole due to relatively diverse consumption patterns within country. However, the national average hides important regional differences, both between regions and within different income groups. We find that the poorest of the poor—particularly those living in the urban areas—are hardest hit by high food prices. The negative effect of the food crisis is particularly strong in northern Ghana. The main explanations for this regional variation in the price effect is the different consumption patterns and much lower per capita income levels in the North of Ghana compared to other regions in the country.     

Assessing the Potential Impact of Avian Influenza on Poultry in West Africa: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis

We analyse the potential economic impacts of avian influenza (AI) in Nigeria, using a spatial equilibrium simulation model. Depending on the size of the affected areas, the direct impact of the spread of AI along the two major migratory bird flyways would be a loss of about 4% of national chicken production. However, the indirect effect – consumers’ reluctance to consume poultry if AI is detected, causing a decline in chicken prices – is generally larger than the direct effect in our simulation. We estimate that Nigerian chicken production would fall by 21% and chicken farmers would lose US$250 million of revenue if the worst‐case scenario occurs. The negative impact would be unevenly distributed in the country, and some states and districts would be seriously affected. The study shows that, while most attention has focused on preventing a global influenza pandemic, preventive measures are also needed at the national, regional and local levels, because AI could potentially have a major negative impact on the poultry industry and the livelihood of smallholder farmers in many regions in West Africa.     

中国乡村休闲旅游的兴起、发展和建设刍议

乡村旅游不同于农业观光，它是一种较高层次的以休闲度假为主的新的旅游类型，是目前中国休闲旅游的较好形式。它兴起的内在动力是由社会心理方面的因素形成的新旅游消费需求。乡村休闲旅游的兴起和发展对中国农村发展有一定的作用力，而中国农村发展又给乡村休闲旅游的发展以反作用力，从而驱动乡村休闲旅游不断向前发展。乡村休闲旅游在开发过程中必须把握好旅游形式、开发主题、本质定位这三个维度，才能健康、稳步发展。     

电子设计方法及应用

本文介绍了电子设计的基本内容及发展历程、常用EDA工具主要功能及应用。     

产业生态网络模式识别及风险管理能力比较

建立产业生态网络是企业应对全球环境资源问题、迎接绿色化挑战的有效手段。本文基于产业生态网络一体化与多元化协同发展的基本特征,以我国东北地区13个工业园区的企业为样本,采用实证分析方法对产业生态网络的模式进行识别,得出在一体化和多元化两个维度下的产业生态网络的四种基本模式：松散型、整合型、自主型和协同型。同时,企业风险管理能力对企业自身及产业生态网络都具有重要意义,进一步统计检验的结果表明：在不同的模式下,企业的风险管理能力具有显著差别,其中在协同型产业生态网络模式下企业的风险管理能力最强。