Objectives of the 1996 overhaul of the US welfare system included reducing dependency, raising employment and de-incentivizing out-of-wedlock fertility. Using public use state-level panel data from 1990 to 2005, I analyse how state implementation of welfare reform simultaneously affects the caseload, employment and out-of-wedlock births (henceforth, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) objectives). Because endogeneity and simultaneity could not be rejected, I use Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) method. Results indicated that most of the steep decline in the caseload is attributed to welfare reform, while the economy's overall effect paled in comparison. However, lagged and contemporaneous unemployment individually ranked second and third behind the Hispanic share of state population. The conservative tilt over the period studied ranked forth, followed in declining order by full family sanctions, Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) payments, time limits (lagged by length), access to abortion clinics, lump-sum TANF diversion payments, and TANF benefit payments. Findings also suggest that policy does not always work as intended: caseloads are found to be higher in states that have highly regarded family formation and job retention TANF programs; and EITC payments are associated with lower not higher caseloads. The most compelling finding in this study is that low-income families likely turn first to unemployment insurance and then to TANF assistance. 相似文献
Mari Pangestu, Economic Reform, Deregulation, and Privatization: The Indonesian Experience, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, 1996, pp. vi + 192. Rp 15,000.
Colin Barlow and Joan Hardjono (eds), Indonesia Assessment 1995: Development in Eastern Indonesia, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU, Canberra, and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1996, pp, xxx + 287. S$29.90; US$25.00; A$25.00.
Kosuke Mizuno, Rural Industrialization in Indonesia: A Case Study of Community-Based Weaving Industry in West Java, IDE Occasional Paper Series no 31, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1996, pp. viii + 114. 相似文献
Indonesia's regional socio-economic data base extends over 30 years, so it is now possible to draw conclusions about regional development dynamics since the 1970s. We examine economic growth, inequality, convergence, structural change, demographic dynamics and social indicators over this period. There continues to be great diversity in economic and social outcomes, but growth and social progress have been remarkably even: the poorest regions, located mainly in Eastern Indonesia, have generally performed about as well as the national average. The better performing regions include those that are the most ‘connected’ to the global economy. In this respect, Jakarta stands out, growing richer than the rest of the country over time. As expected, conflict is harmful to economic development. There is no clear natural resource story: the performance of the resource-rich provinces has varied considerably. 相似文献
Subnational disparities and center–region relations are increasingly important issues in both the development economics literature and East Asian policy circles. Almost all developing countries in East Asia are actively decentralizing power and resources from the center. Analytically, there is growing interest in spatial economics, arising out of the fusion of economics and geography. This paper examines these issues with reference to Indonesia and the Philippines. Both countries are well suited to such a study: they are the two largest archipelagic nations in the world, they both feature great subnational diversity, and they have both adopted major decentralization programs, in similar circumstances. We conclude that, in aggregate, there have been no major changes in regional inequality in either country, although this conclusion is sensitive to the selection of economic indicators. In general, the regions that are the best connected to the global economy have grown more rapidly. 相似文献
Hendra Esmara (ed.), Teori Ekonomi Dan Kebijaksanaan Pembangunan: Kumpulan Esei Untuk Menghargai Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, Jakarta: P.T. Gramedia, 1987, pp. 645 + xxx, npg.
Khong Cho Oon, The Politics of Oil in Indonesia: Foreign Company-Host Government Relations, LSE Monographs in International Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp. 253 + x, $89,00.
Hal Hill, Foreign Investment and Industrialization in Indonesia, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 179 + xxi, $34.50. 相似文献
Daniel T. Sicular, Scavengers, Recyclers, and Solutions for Solid Waste Management in Indonesia, Monograph No. 32, International and Area Studies, Berkeley: Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1992, pp. xii + 201. US$16.50.
Pearl lmada and Seiji Naya (eds), AFTA: The Way Ahead, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992, pp. xv + 143. Paper: S$19.
J.W.T. Bottema, F. Dauphin and G. Gijsbers, Soybean Research and Development in Indonesia, Proceedings of a Workshop held in Cipayung, CGPRT No. 10, Bogor: CGPRT Centre, 1987, pp. 477.
Aman Djauhari, Adimesra Djulin and Irlin Soejono, Maize Production in Java: Prospects for Improved Farm-Level Production Technology, CGPRT No. 13, Bogor: CGPRT Centre, 1988, pp. 50.
World Bank Support for Industrialization in Korea, India, and Indonesia, Washington DC: Operations Evaluation Department, World Bank, 1992, pp. x + 65.
Cornelis Fasseur, The Politics of Colonial Exploifation: Java, the Dutch, and the Cultination System, translated by R.E. Elson and Ary Kraal, edited by R.E. Elson, Studies of Southeast Asia, Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornel1 University, 1992, pp. 266.
P. Bwmgaard (ed.), The Colonial Past: Dutch Sources on lndonesian History, Bulletin 323, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1991, pp. 64. Dfl. 20.00.
John Sullivan, Local Government and Community in Java: An Urban Case-study, Southeast Asian Social Science Monographs, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. xvii + 242. A$59.95. 相似文献
