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111.
Harold Ware 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》1998,13(1):59-94
In this paper, I examine: (i) regulatory, technological and economic trends driving telecommunications diversification and competition; and (ii) substantial investments and marketing efforts of telecommunications firms to diversity and enter each others' markets via vertical integration, joint ventures, and mergers. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 and ongoing regulatory, market and technological trends have addressed concerns that local exchange company (LEC) ownership of essential facilities may hinder diversification into local markets and stimulated substantial competition across historically distinct markets. (For example, long distance companies have entered local markets.) The entry of one LEC into the Connecticut long-distance market demonstrates that the benefits of competition—lower rates and service innovation—will be realized when Bell operating companies are allowed to enter long distance markets. 相似文献
112.
The industrial marketer's promotional tool, the formal proposal, has been little more than an informative but relatively dull statement of supplier qualifications and technical specifications. This article outlines the phases of conventional bidding or proposal preparation, employs exploratory research findings to help identify current weaknesses, and introduces the emerging storyboarding process as a stimulus to the increased vitality of the industrial promotional atmosphere. 相似文献
113.
This article of concern with future US economic growth responds to several major policy issues presently absorbing widespread attention in American society. It shows that much faster growth than the conventional estimates is possible. This more optimistic forecast requires in particular a policy recognition that growth is not exclusively determined by supply side factors, but is also to an important extent dependent upon demand-side influences. Empirical records are greatly relied upon to show the potential prospect, particularly the experience of the vigorous growth years 1947–74. A standard supply-side equation is modified and combined with an aggregate demand estimate to indicate that an annual growth rate for the quarter century selected can approach 3.7 percent. This is considerably higher than the conventional forecasts approximating 2.5 percent. 相似文献
114.
The Potential and Limitations of Self-Targeted Food Subsidies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Can self-selection ofsubsidized commodities be used as a mechanismto transfer income to the poor? Evidence from two self-targetingprograms, one in South Africa and one in Tunisia, shows thatalthough self-targeting can clearly improve the distributionof food subsidies to the poorest members of society, its powerto alleviate poverty and reduce income disparities is limitedby preference patterns, income inequality, and the size of theindividual subsidies. Self-targeting through quality and productdifferentiation can be a useful means to reform existing universalsubsidy schemes, but it should be considered a transitionaltool while the capacity for implementing more precise mechanisms is developed. 相似文献
115.
Rebecca S. Demsetz 《The Journal of Financial Research》2000,23(2):197-222
Bank lending traditionally involves the extension of credit that is held by the originating bank until maturity. Loan sales allow banks to deviate from this pattern by transferring loans in part or in their entirety from their own books to those of another institution. I use a new methodology to test the validity of two hypotheses regarding banks' motivations for selling and buying loans: (1) the comparative advantage hypothesis, that banks with a comparative advantage in originating loans sell and those with a comparative advantage in funding loans buy; and (2) the diversification hypothesis, that banks lacking the ability to diversify internally use loan sales and purchases to achieve diversification. I also address the possibility that information asymmetries may increase the cost of participating in secondary markets. Particular attention is paid to the importance of affiliate relationships in overcoming informational barriers to participation. The empirical evidence presented here helps clarify the benefits of an active secondary loan market and generates predictions regarding the future of that market in a world of rapid consolidation and disappearing barriers to geographical expansion. 相似文献
116.
This contribution summarizes recent experiences in government or national technology forecasting which are now often termed “foresight.” While the methodological tool kit changed from mathematical models to more qualitative scenarios or visions, the Delphi method has become the backbone of foresight projects. Recent national activities, being dealt with in this special issue, are compared in terms of their comprehensiveness, their science versus industry orientation, and their analytic versus action-oriented targets. Although some of these are ongoing, we can discern several new foresight paradigms. From the perspectives of sociology and political sciences, foresight elements seem to be the means of communication (or the “wiring up”) for the negotiating systems of the society. From an economics and management point of view, foresight is helpful for benchmarking and for initiating feedback processes between future demand and present day investment in research and development. From a cultural point of view, the resurrection of foresight in the 1990s seems to be related to growing globalization and at the same time the recognition of national or regional innovation systems. Finally, in terms of international affairs supranational foresight seems to become a new venture. 相似文献
117.
This paper utilizes new Dutch transaction-level data on international trade to investigate the microeconomic patterns of Dutch
exports. First, we show that self-selection based on ex-ante productivity drives firms’ export decisions, which we subsequently
relate to various sources of fixed market-entry costs: governance and regulatory quality, the extent of corruption, and cultural
proximity. Second, we provide evidence that firms learn to export by trial and error, so as to obtain experience in exporting
and to gather knowledge about the potential of foreign markets. Such experimentation appears to be reflected in the volatility
of a firm’s export product portfolio. More volatility is associated with a higher survival rate in the export market. Finally,
we draw conclusions on the potential implications for trade policy. 相似文献
118.
Harold H. Kassarjian 《广告杂志》2013,42(3):10-15
Abstract This paper reviews several concepts gleaned from research on learning as studied both by psychologists and consumer researchers. Several applications of learning theory, attitude change, and image formation are then applied to the field of advertising, not from the usual view of the advertiser but rather from the view of corrective advertising. Further it presents an overview of studies in corrective and counter advertising and attempts to assess the state of the art. Portions of this paper were presented before the Subcommittee on Monopoly. Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, June 6, 1973. 相似文献
119.
120.