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31.
Cracks in Euroland and no way out 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
32.
Was vor fünf Jahren für die meisten undenkbar schien, wird heute offen diskutiert: Die Europ?ische W?hrungsunion (EWU) bricht
wom?glich auseinander. Wird es tats?chlich geschehen und, wenn ja, wann? Die Antwort auf diese Frage h?ngt für viele Beobachter
davon ab, ob und wie schnell Griechenland es schafft, sein Staatsdefizit um mehrere Prozentpunkte zu senken. Das ist erstaunlich.
Denn wie kann die Stabilit?t der gesamten EWU durch mangelnde Sparanstrengungen im Staatshaushalt einer so kleinen Volkswirtschaft
wie Griechenland gef?hrdet sein? 相似文献
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Conclusions Given the serious crisis in Asia and evidence of its spreading to other developing and transition countries, the attempt by
German economic policymakers to achieve faster economic growth and higher employment almost exclusively by means of successes
on export markets appears likely to fail sooner than had been expected by the DIW5. The significance of domestic demand has been systematically underestimated in recent years. With the help of extremely low
pay settlements, the D-Mark was devalued in real terms; this promoted exports, but at the same time led to growth losses in
private consumption and investment that more than offset the gains in exports. On top of this German fiscal policy—as documented
in the following report in this issue—has weakened domestic demand and investment activity. This strategy might have worked
if a symmetrically oriented monetary policy had reacted to the deflationary trend inherent in pay settlements and the fiscal-policy
stance by swiftly and significantly reducing interest rates. This did not happen. It was therefore inevitable that the crisis
in sales markets made its full effects felt on economic growth. More seriously still, if cost deflation in Germany is not
brought to an end in the coming year by a return to productivity-oriented wage settlements, it will pose a major threat to
the European Monetary Union.6 If Germany pursues a beggar-thyneighbour policy in a Europe without exchange rates, this can only result in deflation and
a downward economic spiral.7 相似文献
37.
Thomas Straubhaar Götz W. Werner Wolfgang Eichhorn Lothar Friedrich Florian Habermacher Gebhard Kirchgässner Heiner Flassbeck Georg Quaas Sebastian Thieme 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2013,93(9):583-605
The introduction of an unconditional basic income has been discussed in Switzerland for many years. Germany, however, takes a sceptical view of this idea. The authors of this ?Zeitgespräch“ express disparate opinions on how broadly the concept should be defined, but they agree on the motive behind the concept: respect for human dignity. Moreover, it may make many social policy rules obsolete. There are conflicting opinions concerning the reaction of labour supply to the unconditional basic income. Some authors fear that it will shrink substantially. But its financing will be the main problem. There are proposals to increase the value added tax rate. The economic impacts of funding it by income tax revenues are analysed using a macroeconomic model. Ultimately, the implementation of the concept will have distributional effects which are very difficult to predict. 相似文献
38.
Disruptive innovation for social change 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Countries, organizations, and individuals around the globe spend aggressively to solve social problems, but these efforts often fail to deliver. Misdirected investment is the primary reason for that failure. Most of the money earmarked for social initiatives goes to organizations that are structured to support specific groups of recipients, often with sophisticated solutions. Such organizations rarely reach the broader populations that could be served by simpler alternatives. There is, however, an effective way to get to those underserved populations. The authors call it "catalytic innovation." Based on Clayton Christensen's disruptive-innovation model, catalytic innovations challenge organizational incumbents by offering simpler, good-enough solutions aimed at underserved groups. Unlike disruptive innovations, though, catalytic innovations are focused on creating social change. Catalytic innovators are defined by five distinct qualities. First, they create social change through scaling and replication. Second, they meet a need that is either overserved (that is, the existing solution is more complex than necessary for many people) or not served at all. Third, the products and services they offer are simpler and cheaper than alternatives, but recipients view them as good enough. Fourth, they bring in resources in ways that initially seem unattractive to incumbents. And fifth, they are often ignored, put down, or even encouraged by existing organizations, which don't see the catalytic innovators' solutions as viable. As the authors show through examples in health care, education, and economic development, both nonprofit and for-profit groups are finding ways to create catalytic innovation that drives social change. 相似文献
39.
Heiner Jüttner 《Intereconomics》1976,11(9):259-262
The developing countries are caught in the cleft stick of assertion of national interests and independence, on one side, and need for an improved investment climate to attract foreign direct investment, on the other. The question facing the foreign firms is how they can safeguard their capital investments against encroachment by the host country which may even expropriate their assets. 相似文献
40.
In der Eurokrise werden Schuldnerstaaten in ein strenges Austerit?tsprogramm gedr?ngt. Die Autoren des Beitrags zeigen, dass
die Defi zite des Staates nicht unabh?ngig von den Finanzierungssalden der übrigen Sektoren der Volkswirtschaft sinnvoll analysiert
werden k?nnen. Das systematisch auf die Verschuldung des Auslands setzende deutsche Wirtschaftsmodell tr?gt deshalb die Hauptverantwortung
für die Eurokrise. Nur ein Schumpeterianisches Verst?ndnis der Funktion von Krediten hilft, mit dem Thema Schulden gesamtwirtschaftlich
rational umzugehen und es nicht zur Demontage des Staates zu missbrauchen. 相似文献