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131.
Using information on a panel of multinational firms operating in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2005, we find that labour demand in domestic multinationals is less sensitive to labour cost changes than in foreign multinationals. This difference in the wage elasticity of labour demand persists even when we control for the skill intensity of firms or their level of intangible assets. This is in line with an interpretation that the provision of headquarter services in domestic multinational firms protects against strong fluctuations in labour demand. Overall, our results suggest that the wage elasticity of labour demand is about 40 % lower in domestic than in foreign multinationals. 相似文献
132.
Early-stage financing and firm growth in new industries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper shows that active investors, such as venture capitalists, can affect the speed at which new ventures grow. In the absence of product market competition, new ventures financed by active investors grow faster initially, though in the long run those financed by passive investors are able to catch up. By contrast, in a competitive product market, new ventures financed by active investors may prey on rivals that are financed by passive investors by “strategically overinvesting” early on, resulting in long-run differences in investment, profits, and firm growth. The value of active investors is greater in highly competitive industries as well as in industries with learning curves, economies of scope, and network effects, as is typical for many “new economy” industries. For such industries, our model predicts that start-ups with access to venture capital may dominate their industry peers in the long run. 相似文献
133.
134.
Martin Spann Holger Ernst Bernd Skiera Jan Henrik Soll 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2009,26(3):322-335
Newly launched products in the consumer goods and services markets show high failure rates. To reduce the failure rates, companies can integrate innovative and knowledgeable customers, the so‐called lead users, into the new product development process. However, the detection of such lead users is difficult, especially in consumer product markets with very large customer bases. A new and potentially valuable approach toward the identification of lead users involves the use of virtual stock markets, which have been proposed and applied for political and business forecasting but not for the identification of experts such as lead users. The basic concept of virtual stock markets is bringing a group of participants together via the Internet and allowing them to trade shares of virtual stocks. These stocks represent a bet on the outcome of future market situations, and their value depends on the realization of these market situations. In this process, a virtual stock market elicits and aggregates the assessments of its participants concerning future market developments. Virtual stock markets might also serve as a feasible instrument to filter out lead users, primarily for the following two reasons. First, a self‐selection effect might occur because sophisticated consumers with a higher involvement in the product of interest decide to participate in virtual stock markets. Second, a performance effect is likely to arise because well‐performing participants in virtual stock markets show a better understanding of the market than their (already self‐selected) fellow participants. So far, only limited information exists about these two effects and their relation to lead user characteristics. The goal of this paper is to analyze the feasibility of virtual stock markets for the identification of lead users. The results of this empirical study show that virtual stock markets can be an effective instrument to identify lead users in consumer products markets. Furthermore, the results show that not all lead users perform well in virtual stock markets. Hence, virtual stock markets allow identifying lead users with superior abilities to forecast market success. 相似文献
135.
This paper analyses the impact of government grants on labour demand using plant level data for manufacturing industry in Ireland. Our data consists of a large sample of plants and their complete grant history. We provide evidence that additional employment is created over and above the level that would have prevailed in the absence of grant payments. We also find differences in the employment response to subsidies between domestic and foreign-owned plants, with the former creating more additional jobs per euro of grant payment. Simple cost-benefit analysis reveals that a large part of the costs of grants appears to be recouped in additional wage streams under reasonable assumptions. 相似文献
136.
Holger Schmieding Peter Trapp James Riedel Wojciech Kostrzewa Kurt W. Rothschild Jamuna P. Agarwal Hartmut Picht Harmen Lehment Torsten Tewes Manfred Neldner Federico Foders Henning Klodt Bobby E. Apostolakis Siegfried F. Franke Axel Busch Hermann Sautter 《Review of World Economics》1989,125(2):406-434
137.
Holger Schmieding 《Review of World Economics》1993,129(2):216-253
From Plan to Market: On the Nature of the Transformation Crisis. — Traditional neoclassical theory is ill-suited to explain why the transition from a grossly distorted to a far more rational economic system is going along with a fall in value added in Europe’s emerging market economies. Whereas Keynesian-type arguments, including the credit-crunch hypothesis, may account for some features of the exact time profile of the slump, the transformation crisis itself cannot be explained by these considerations. The paper argues that an institutional near-vacuum is a major cause of the crisis. While the old institutions for coordinating a complex pattern of economic activities are defunct, the new and ultimately far superior arrangements are not yet firmly established. The resulting institutional deficiencies, together with some inconsistencies in the time profile of the transformation process, impair an effective and reliable coordination of an extended division of labour in space and time. 相似文献
138.
R&;D and Exporting: A Comparison of British and Irish Firms 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This paper investigates the two-way relationship between R&D and export activity. In particular, we concern ourselves with
the question whether R&D stimulates exports and, perhaps more importantly, whether export activity leads to increasing innovative
activity in terms of R&D (learning-by-exporting). We use two unique firm level databases for Great Britain and the Republic
of Ireland and compare the results for these two countries. We find that previous exporting experience enhances the innovative
capability of Irish firms. Conversely, no strong learning-by-exporting effects are found for British firms. Arguably part
of the differences between Ireland and Britain are attributable to different, cross-country exporting patterns where Irish
firms have a greater interface with OECD markets.
JEL no. F14, F23 相似文献
139.
abstract We draw on theories of persistence to develop a model of alliance managers' decisions towards persisting in underperforming alliances based on their concomitant consideration of the control and trust in those alliances. We test the model using experimental data based on 2,816 decisions nested within 88 alliance managers. We find that output, behavioural and social control, competence and goodwill trust, and interactions between trust and control variables significantly explain alliance managers' decisions to persist in underperforming alliances. We discuss the implications of these findings for the control, trust and strategic alliance literatures. 相似文献
140.