Bureaucrats as "Social Engineers": Federal Welfare Programs in Herbert Hoover's America

A bstract . Historians interested in 20th century American reform often seek to analyze the ideologies of political leaders separately from the institutions that these same leaders created. Such emphases on ideas, as opposed to actions, has, for example, led "revisionist" American historians to argue that the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt were "conceptually continuous." Our examination of the major social welfare programs undertaken by the federal government in the 1920s disputes this claim. Examination of the operations of the federal bureaucracy instead of the rhetoric of politicians demonstrates the existence of decided policy differences between the Hoover and Roosevelt eras. "Efficiency" analogues dominant during the Hoover era were replaced with "direct service-provider" approaches which created a clear distinction between private and public welfare programs. Elements of "continuity" between the two eras have been overdrawn. Background is provided for increased understanding of some of the policy implications of America's contemporary welfare debate—particularly about "rehabilitation" strategies and/or rationales for action in the social welfare field.     

工程计价模式改革与投标报价的研究

适应我国加入WTO与国际工程管理接轨的需要，推行工程量清单计价模式已势在必行，广大施工企业必须及时转变观念，加强针对新的计价模式相适应的投标报价技巧研究，为企业参与投标竞争，自主报价打下良好的基础。     

国土资源标准化战略的保障体系建设浅析

本文阐述了构建国土资源标准化战略保障体系的目标与原则,详细分析、阐释了国土资源标准化战略保障体系的构成要素,并提出了国土资源标准化战略保障体系需要重点建设的几个方面。     

中国食品安全标准的现状、问题与对策

文章讨论了食品安全与食品安全标准的概念,分析了食品安全标准的现状,发现主要存在与国际标准不接轨、食品安全标准体系结构设计不够合理、研究薄弱、部分标准的实施较差、甚至强制性标准也未得到很好的实施等问题,提出了完善食品标准体系的主要措施。     

基于ERP和TOC的生产物流系统研究

本文通过研究ERP和TOC相结合的生产物流系统的功能，构建了系统的功能模型，给出了模型中生产网络实现的数据模型．最后构建了二者相结告的生产物流系统的总体结构模型。     

Reduced Form Auctions Revisited

This note uses the Theorem of the Alternative to prove new results on the implementability of general, asymmetric auctions, and to provide simpler proofs of known results for symmetric auctions. The tradeoff is that type spaces are taken to be finite.     

Strategic Reaction of Vertically Integrated Firms to Downstream Entry: Deterrence or Accommodation

The purpose of this paper is to analyze strategic behavior of vertically integrated firms when there is downstream entry, taking into account the balance between competition in the market and competition for the market. This analysis can serve to explain diverse distributional structures, including the coexistence of vertically integrated firms and independent retailers. And it shows that the relative efficiency of downstream entrants and the level of competition among incumbents are two major factors in determining equilibrium configuration.     

现代企业销售团队建设浅议

现代企业的研究开发能力和市场营销能力，被喻为知识经济时代企业的双翼，只有这两只翅膀不断地壮大，企业才能展翅高飞，而营销队伍建设则是现代企业提升市场营销能力，实现营销目标，并最终赢得利润的有力武器。如何打造优秀高效的营销团队是一项系统工程，它不仅需要以领袖型的销售主管作为团队核心，也需要科学的选拔培训制度作为保障，还包括制定明确的团队目标、培养团队精神、塑造团队文化、建立科学可行的绩效考核机制、薪酬制度以及激励等诸方面的措施。     

事项会计理论:中国研究现状述评

事项会计理论首先由美国学者Sorter于上个世纪六十年代末年提出的,其目的是对传统会计进行彻底的改造。本文首先回顾了国内对这一领域的研究成果,然后做简要评价与展望,以期引起我国会计理论界对这一新领域的更多关注。     

山东省水土流失经济损失与生态价值损失评估

介绍了山东省水土流失现状，分析其危害，重点探讨了水土流失经济损失和生态价值损失的计算方法，建立经济损失计算模型，提出水土流失生态一经济面积边际比的概念，计算山东省县域边际损失比，并对其进行区域分布规律分析。