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61.
Ingo Vogelsang 《International Journal of Industrial Organization》1983,1(3):253-273
Management incentive schemes leading to welfare optimal pricing and efficient production of public enterprises have so far been mainly concerned with the information advantages that public enterprise managers hold over their supervising government or central planning agency. Managers under these schemes are induced to improve their firm's performance in adjustment processes which in the limit lead to optimal firm decisions. Such managers are supposed to be income maximizers disregarding any personal effort which could influence their performance and utility. In this paper I show that two incentive schemes recently proposed by Tam (1981) and Finsinger and Vogelsang (1982) can also help to induce managers to provide an optimal level of effort. Here effort is assumed to reduce managers' utility and the firm's costs. The result depends crucially on myopic managerial utility maximization. Once managers maximize the discounted value of future utility levels they will deviate from the optimal behavior. Under Tam's scheme, this can hold independent of the optimal effort level. Under the Finsinger-Vogelsang performance index managers will always show suboptimal effort levels in a steady state equilibrium, because the index only rewards welfare improvements.Effort, however, has to be rewarded even with no improvement in behavior. An improved performance index, which provides cumulative rewards is shown to be strategy proof and lead to a welfare optimum. This reward structure basically treats managers as if they were private entrepreneurs. It looks extremely generous in that it gives managers the fruits of all costs reductions due to increases in effort. Suggestions are made to mitigate this income distributional impact. 相似文献
62.
Karl Homann Ingo Pies Jürgen Kromphardt Werner Plumpe Bertram Schefold 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2018,98(4):227-242
On the occasion of his 200th birthday, Karl Marx is very popular again. He seems to be quoted in newspapers more often than even Keynes and great liberal economists. The authors agree that he should be taken seriously as a classic author. There are some fundamental pillars of his thinking: He fought for individual freedom and was a pioneer of systemic thinking. Marx was a self-taught economist and a powerfully eloquent demagogue. But all attempts to modernise his economic theory ultimately fail because of their mistakes and contradictions. He analysed an economy whose labour market was characterised by unrestricted competition. His prediction of a final collapse of the capitalist system failed due to far-reaching institutional changes, especially in the labour market. Today Karl Marx must be seen rather as an extremely interesting figure in the intellectual history of the 19th century. His ideas are only of limited use for the analysis of the economic present. Bertram Schefold judges him less stringently, arguing he is topical not only as a historical figure, but also as a theoretical economist and originator of still valuable analytical ideas. Jürgen Kromphardt points out that apart from his dialectical approach, the distribution of income between classes and its consequences are a research area where Marx’s explanations and failures are actually still worthy of consideration. 相似文献
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Steffen Hoernig Stephan Jay Karl-Heinz Neumann Martin Peitz Thomas Plückebaum Ingo Vogelsang 《Telecommunications Policy》2012
Using a novel approach to the evaluation of new network technologies that combines an engineering cost model with a differentiated multi-player oligopoly model with wholesale access regulation this article evaluates the choice among different Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) architectures. The cost modelling relies upon an engineering bottom-up approach that feeds into a competition model. For addressing competition the pyramid model was chosen, which is an extension of the Hotelling model to multiple firms/services. The paper solves for price setting Nash equilibria between an incumbent, wholesale-access-based entrants and cable as an additional fully integrated network competitor. Welfare tradeoffs are highlighted with respect to cost differences and QoS differences between the various FTTH architectures and between the modes of regulation. According to the analysis architectures that can be unbundled (and that allow for greater speeds) outperform, from a social welfare perspective, architectures that (realistically) allow only for bitstream access. 相似文献
65.
Volunteer-based open-source production has become a significant new model for the organization of software development. Economics often pictures this phenomenon as a case of signalling: individuals engage in the volunteer programming of open-source software (OSS) as a labour-market signal resulting in a wage premium. Yet, this explanation could so far not be empirically tested. This article fills this gap by estimating an upper-bound composite wage premium of voluntary OSS contributions and by separating the potential signalling effect of OSS engagement from other effects. Although some 70% of OSS contributors believe that OSS involvement benefits their careers, we find no actual labour-market premium for OSS engagement. The presence of other motives, such as fun of play or altruism, renders OSS contributions too noisy to function as a signal. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung von Dienstleistungen nimmt volks- und betriebswirtschaftlich immer weiter zu. Die zunehmende
Nachfrage führt jedoch in vielen F?llen dazu, dass die Dienstleistungen wenig systematisch und
unreflektiert auf Nachfrage durch Kunden angeboten werden. Eine systematische Planung, Entwicklung und
Kalkulation finden – im deutlichen Gegensatz zum physischen Produkt – nicht statt. Allerdings
wird ein solches Vorgehen auch durch verschiedene Spezifika der Dienstleistungen erschwert. Der vorliegende
Beitrag konzentriert sich auf (kern-)produktbegleitende Dienstleistungen und zeigt zun?chst wesentliche
theoretische Grundlagen einer prozessorientierten Planung und Kalkulation auf. Basis stellt dabei eine
Weiterentwicklung der Prozesskostenrechnung – das Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing – dar,
das für produktbegleitende Dienstleistungen angepasst wird. Die Umsetzbarkeit und der praktische Nutzen
der entwickelten prozessorientierten Planung und Kalkulation werden abschlie?end in einem Beispiel
aus der Unternehmenspraxis dargestellt.
相似文献
69.
Ingo Bode 《Public Management Review》2017,19(4):501-517
Worldwide, public service-providing organizations confront regulatory hybridization. While their societal mission persists, they are expected to become more business-like. Drawing on theory concerned with institutional complexity and ambivalence in organizations, this article illuminates the case of German acute care hospitals. We depict the emergence of market orientation in this industry, its structural impact and major sensemaking patterns at the site level. In our multiple case study, we find ‘organized ambivalence’ shaping the institutional context and affecting the undertakings’ internal life. Thus, regulatory hybridization tends to create certain traps – which challenges ideas according to which it helps improve public management. 相似文献
70.