区域农业发展战略研究

阐述了区域农业发展的战略意义,西部、东北、中部、东部四大区域农业发展的现状与存在的问题;对区域农业发展的影响因素和四大区域的比较优势与潜力进行分析;提出区域农业发展的战略目标及西部发展生态特色农业、东北发展商品型规模农业、中部发展加工型商品农业、东部发展外向型现代农业的设想;最后提出完善区域分工协作互动机制、切实保护耕地、完善流通环节等6项发展区域农业政策建议。     

Attractiveness Analysis of European Tourist Cities

Starting from the field work in seven European countries, the paper identify Europeans’ attitudes towards and preferences for European cities. The purpose here is to show whether a city’s tourist attraction is linked solely with a given holiday format (city-break; 1-2 night stay; short holiday; 3-4 night stay; long holiday; 8-night stay or longer) or not.

The results helped in the interpretation of contemporary urban tourism flows in Europe, offering a broader vision of such flows and furnishing useful data for city strategic planning to boost competitiveness.     

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement

Abstract

Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user-friendly manner. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance. The primary audiences for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication.

?The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user-friendly, 24-item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Task Force website (www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp).

?The hope is that CHEERS will lead to better reporting and, ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the CHEERS statement is being co-published across 10 health economics and medical journals. Other journals and groups are encouraged to endorse CHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in 5 years.     

The modern corporation as a safe haven for taste-based discrimination: An agency model of hiring decisions

This paper proposes a principal-agent model of labour market discrimination. In this model, the firm manager is a taste-based discriminator and has to make unobservable hiring decisions that determine the shareholder's profits, because workers differ in skill. The model shows that performance-based contracts may moderate the manager's propensity to discriminate, but that they are unlikely to fully eliminate discrimination. Moreover, the model predicts that sectors with high skill leverages discriminate less. Finally, the impacts of a wage gap between groups and of a diversity premium are investigated.     

China and Africa, Fiendship, Pace,Cooperation and Dvelopment

The Forum of China-Africa Cooperation（FOCAC）.was held in Nowember, as well as the The 2nd Sino-African Entrepreneurs Conference ,marking the milestone of the China-Africa relations which have experienced the test of several thousand years,     

如何运用内部评级系统改善信用风险管理（上）

2005年10月开始,来自日本最大金融集团,包括瑞穗、三井住友、三菱银行以及日本央行(BankofJapan)在内的二十余位在信用风险管理方面具有丰富实践经验的专家所组成的研究团队,就如何使用内部评级系统、采取不同方法改善信用风险管理进行了系列讨论。拥有先进风险管理技术的外资银行所使用的方法以及国外的研究成果亦在讨论议题之中。讨论至今已举办了5次,该研究团队的秘书处——日本央行金融机构局的高级金融技术中心总结了5次讨论的要点、形成报告,并在日本金融界公布,使金融机构能在信用风险管理方面有所借鉴。本报告只涉及信用风险管理,所发表观点只代表专家个人,不代表专家所在机构。本刊得到日本央行金融机构局的许可,翻译并节选了该报告的主要内容,本刊分两期刊载。     

英国和法国的注册会计师考试考察报告

英国 ICAEW的考试英格兰及威尔士特许会计师协会(ICAEW)成立于1880年,是英国四个特许会计师组织之一,也是英国乃至欧洲最大的职业会计师组织,共有400余名员工,拥有会员12万余人。ICAEW主要负责特许会计师的考试、注册和培训,接受英国贸工部的监督与管理。(一)考试基本情况ICAEW考试的报名基本条件为具有高中以上毕业的学历,鼓励具有更高学历的人报名参加考试,实际上绝大部分报考者均具有大学本科以上毕业学历。同时,报考人员一般应与ICAEW会员的事务所(必须为英国本土、塞浦路斯、马来西亚注册的事务所)签…     

Women’s rank modifies the relationship between household and women’s food insecurity in complex households in northern Burkina Faso

This study examined the relationship between food insecurity at household and woman–children sub-unit levels and factors modifying this relationship in complex households in northern Burkina Faso. Data were collected from 126 households and 176 woman–children sub-units every 6 months from July 2001 to July 2003. Household food insecurity varied more between seasons than did woman–children sub-unit food insecurity. Woman–children sub-unit food insecurity increased when household food insecurity increased. Woman–children sub-units in monogamous households were less food insecure – and more at risk of becoming food insecure when the household became food insecure – than sub-units headed by women with first or second rank in polygamous households. Within polygamous households, woman–children sub-units headed by women with rank third or more were more likely to become food insecure when the household became food insecure than those with first or second rank. These results have implications for design, planning, and evaluation of programs and projects aiming to alleviate food insecurity in this and similar settings.     

武装的中国:千年战略传统及其外交意蕴

作者从克劳塞维茨战争哲学的视野出发,审视在中国战略理念传统方面影响最久最大的《孙子兵法》,论述在战略精神和外交意蕴上与之契合的、汉帝国前期的外交防御和朝贡和平。接着,凸显中国另一类古代战略传统,即彻底歼灭和决战决胜的大规模远征。随后主要概述明朝中期儒家战略的得胜和中华帝国的军事衰落,前者显露出孙子式战略的压倒性显赫地位的政治文化基础。进至中国现代最伟大的战略家毛泽东,揭示和深切理解他的孙子与克劳塞维茨结合式的战争和战略方式,连同他的战略缔造和贯彻的活的灵魂。最后,在中国悠久传统的背景下,论析当代中国大战略的复合性内涵,并且提炼出对中国战略史和外交史饶有意义的几项深层道理:力量对比变迁与战略形态变迁之间有结构性因果联系;中国在深刻的文化意义上更易倾向于孙子式的或儒家的战略传统,连同其裨益与弊端;这种战略倾向有其复杂的外交意蕴和一贯的优先主题,即争取代价最小化而非收益最大化;因而,中国较难胜出的自我挑战较经常地在于,必需之际能够正面攻坚,以至决战决胜。