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351.
We live in an increasingly globalizing world, in which countries are closely linked by international trade and investment
ties. Cross-cultural comparative studies of national values and ethics have attracted growing research interest in recent
years, because shared practices, values and ethical standards depend on shared beliefs. However, the findings of such studies
have been unable to reach a consensus on the impact of culture on ethics-related attitudes and behavior. Empirically, many
“cross-cultural” differences reported by previous studies might actually stem from cross-national differences. In order to
partially fill this gap, this study advocates an analytical framework that isolates the role of cultural and national differences
in order to test their relationship to individual level variables. Within this framework, we test␣competing hypotheses based
on both cultural and national contexts by comparing groups of Chinese and American respondents together with a “bridging group”
of Chinese Chinese-Americans. Theoretically, this contextual approach helps resolve the debate on the role of␣culture, by
showing that culture plays a far more important role in shaping value orientations than the national background. Specifically,
the two ethnic Chinese groups had many cultural values in common, and differed significantly from the Caucasian group. Implications
are discussed. 相似文献
352.
This research examined how implicit attitudes are associated with cognitive processing and self-reported evaluation of advertisements featuring same-sex couples. Hypotheses were posited using the theoretical framework of social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner 1986) and perspectives on implicit attitudes. In Study 1, participants watched and evaluated 10 television advertisements while physiological measures of cognitive and affective processing were collected. Ads varied such that half used same-sex couples as protagonists while the other half used other-sex couples. Participants demonstrated less positive responses to ads featuring same-sex couples. Physiological and self-reported responses were associated with implicit attitudes toward homosexuality Negative implicit attitudes toward homosexuality were associated with more negative affect, less attention, less positivity, and less liking for ads featuring same-sex couples. Two subsequent studies replicated these findings in nonstudent samples, indicating that participants preferred ads with other-sex couples (Study 2) and that implicit attitudes were associated with this response (Study 3). This research suggests that implicit attitudes affect processing and evaluation of ads featuring same-sex couples in ways unaccounted for by explicitly measured attitudes. Results are discussed in terms of advancing theory, furthering understanding of the dynamic processing of ads featuring in-group and out-group members, and practical implications. 相似文献
353.
Nils Droste Claudia Becker Irene Ring Rui Santos 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2018,71(4):1027-1051
Portugal has a unitary system in which the central government transfers funds to lower government levels for their public functions. In 2007, Portugal introduced Ecological Fiscal Transfers (EFT), where municipalities receive transfers for hosting protected areas (PA). We study whether introducing EFT in Portugal incentivized municipalities to designate PA and has led to a decentralization of conservation decisions. We employ a Bayesian structural time series approach to estimate the effect of introducing EFT in comparison to a simulated counterfactual time series. Quantitative results show a significant increase in the ratio of municipal and national PA designations following Portugal’s EFT introduction—which we infer to be a causal consequence. The analysis furthermore places emphasis on the importance of relevant municipal conservation competencies for the functioning of the instrument. Results have important implications for conservation policy-making in terms of allocating budgets and competencies in multi-level governments. 相似文献
354.
Irene Fafaliou Euthalia Tzanalaridou Apostolos Ballas 《International Advances in Economic Research》2010,16(1):109-121
This paper attempts to address some of the issues surrounding rationing of healthcare services, with application to Greece’s
delivery of cardiac services. To this end, first, we provide highlights of the current debate concerning rationing worldwide
and critically discuss them. Following that, an empirical analysis of the way ‘key’ stakeholders perceive rationing issues
in Greece, is performed. Findings indicate that rationing is a highly disputed approach, subject to individualistic interpretations
and moral issues. At policy level, it becomes evident that rationing is a mixture rather than a single policy concern, depending
on a complicated range of locally-based reconciliation made at various levels of interested parties. Hence, no universal formula
exists to fit all countries’ healthcare systems and further case-by-case research, is required. 相似文献
355.
Timo Kuosmanen Eleonora Nillesen Justus Wesseler 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2004,48(4):629-651
The present paper demonstrates that treating multidestination trips (MDT) as single-destination trips does not involve any systematic upward or downward bias in consumer surplus (CS) estimates because the direct negative effect of a price increase (treating MDT as a single-destination trip) is offset by a shift in the estimated demand curve. Still, ignoring MDT can greatly underestimate or overestimate the CS. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a sound theoretical basis for using preference information for allocating travel costs between different sites included in the MDT package. A novel extreme value approach is proposed, which does not require any overly restrictive assumptions about consumer preferences. This approach is applied to the zonal travel cost model of the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia. Parametric and non-parametric estimation techniques are used for calculating CS estimates, and the effects of different MDT treatments and estimation methods are compared. 相似文献
356.
Vertical integration, diversification, and industry analysis are fundamental topics in strategic management content research. We develop the conceptualization of these issues by exploring their nature as well as their correct measurement. Toward these ends, we conduct an extensive analysis of the COMPUSTAT II data base and the TRINET data base in all three research contexts. In addition to these two data bases, we also evaluate the Census of Manufacturers, S&P's Financial Dynamics, S&P's Industry Surveys and Dun and Bradstreet's Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios, for purposes of industry analysis. Important contributions include our identification of the potential of COMPUSTAT 11 data to distinguish within-stage forward and backward vertical integration, and between-stage forward and backward vertical integration, as well as our recommendations for the protection of the integrity of studies based on the COMPUSTA T II and TRINET data bases. 相似文献
357.
Here the authors examine the role of computer networks on organisations engaged in textile and clothing manufacture. The results reveal that companies with a computer network performed significantly better than those without, both in terms of growth in employment and return on sales over the period 1985–87 相似文献
358.
Irene Bruegel 《Local Economy》1997,12(2):175-178
Booth, C., Darke, J. and Yeandle, S. 1996: CHANGING PLACES: WOMEN'S LIVES IN THE CITY. London: Paul Chapman, £14.95 paper.
Gardiner, J. 1997: GENDER, CARE AND ECONOMICS. Basingstoke: Macmillan, £15.99 paper.
Dijkstra, G. and Plantenga, J. (eds) 1997: GENDER AND ECONOMICS. A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE. London: Routledge, £45.00 cased, £14.99 paper. 相似文献
Gardiner, J. 1997: GENDER, CARE AND ECONOMICS. Basingstoke: Macmillan, £15.99 paper.
Dijkstra, G. and Plantenga, J. (eds) 1997: GENDER AND ECONOMICS. A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE. London: Routledge, £45.00 cased, £14.99 paper. 相似文献
359.
Irene N. McCarthy 《Journal of Business Ethics》1997,16(12-13):1467-1473
Public accounting in the United States is generally guided by the Code of Professional Conduct of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). It has been suggested that education in understanding and accepting their ethical code would increase accountants' adherence and ethicality. This study was designed to examine the level of consensus to AICPA ethical standards by accounting students (ethical orientation). Situation ethics provided the theoretical rationale for this study. The data were gathered by contacting colleges in the New York Metropolitan Area who offered curriculums which were registered by the State Education Department of New York State for Certified Public Accountancy preparation. The final sampling units for this study consisted of 306 beginning accounting students and 294 advanced accounting students. Included in the secondary sampling units were both private and public colleges, secular and non-secular colleges, and American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and non AACSB-accredited colleges. Three instruments were used to collect data for this study: a student demographic questionnaire; the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS); and a researcher-adapted questionnaire, the Index of Ethical Congruence (IEC) which measured the level of consensus to the AICPA Code of Conduct (ethical orientation). T-tests were used to compare the levels of consensus to the Code (IEC score) between beginning and advanced accounting students, and between accounting students who had, or had not, taken a course in ethics. No significant difference in scores were found for those students who had been exposed to the Code or who had taken a course in ethics. Significant differences in IEC scores were found for those students who had attended AACSB-accredited colleges and meaningful differences for those students who had attended public colleges as compared to private colleges. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the relationship between the ethical orientation score (IEC) and personal values measured by the RVS. No relationship between personal values measured by the RVS and ethical orientation was found by this study. This study does not support the influence of situation on ethical orientation. The results indicate that ethical orientation is not significantly improved through exposure to the AICPA Code of Conduct in collegiate courses in accounting. 相似文献
360.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY: MARKETS VERSUS PLANS.
Employment Institute, 1991: Improving Britain's Industrial Performance. London: Employment Institute, £4.50 paper.
Beynon, H., Hudson, R. and Sadler, D. 1991: A Tale of Two Industries: The Contraction of Coal and Steel in the North East of England. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, £9.99 paper.
LOCAL SPACE.
Murray, R. 1991: Local Space: Europe and the New Regionalism. Manchester/Stevenage: CLES/SEEDS.
THE VITAL ECONOMY.
Michael Fass and Richard Scothorne 1990: The Vital Economy - Integrating Training and Enterprise. Fountainhall, Edinburgh: Abbeystrand Publishing £7.99 paper.
THE QUALITY DEBATE.
Hodge, M. 1991: Quality, Equality, Democracy: Improving Public Services. London: Fabian Pamphlet 549, £3.50 paper. 相似文献
Employment Institute, 1991: Improving Britain's Industrial Performance. London: Employment Institute, £4.50 paper.
Beynon, H., Hudson, R. and Sadler, D. 1991: A Tale of Two Industries: The Contraction of Coal and Steel in the North East of England. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, £9.99 paper.
LOCAL SPACE.
Murray, R. 1991: Local Space: Europe and the New Regionalism. Manchester/Stevenage: CLES/SEEDS.
THE VITAL ECONOMY.
Michael Fass and Richard Scothorne 1990: The Vital Economy - Integrating Training and Enterprise. Fountainhall, Edinburgh: Abbeystrand Publishing £7.99 paper.
THE QUALITY DEBATE.
Hodge, M. 1991: Quality, Equality, Democracy: Improving Public Services. London: Fabian Pamphlet 549, £3.50 paper. 相似文献