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81.
Eine strenge und mittelfristig stabilisierende Haushaltsregel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In Deutschland besteht breiter Konsens, dass im Rahmen der F?deralismusreform II h?rtere nationale Haushaltsregeln beschlossen
werden sollten, die zu einer engen Begrenzung staatlicher Defizite führen. Wie kann jedoch im Rahmen strenger Regeln gew?hrleistet
werden, dass der Einfluss der automatischen Stabilisatoren erhalten bleibt? Wie kann eine erratische Finanzpolitik infolge
von überraschungen bei der Finanzentwicklung vermieden werden?
Dr. Jana Kremer, 35, und Dr. Dan Stegarescu, 35, sind Mitarbeiter im Zentralbereich Volkswirtschaft der Deutschen Bundesbank
in Frankfurt am Main.
Die in diesem Beitrag ge?u?erte Meinung spiegelt die pers?nliche Auffassung der Autoren und nicht notwendigerweise die der
Deutschen Bundesbank wider. Die Autoren danken Michael Richter für umfangreiche Vorarbeiten. 相似文献
82.
Jana Hranaiova Harry de Gorter James Falk 《American journal of agricultural economics》2006,88(2):338-350
A Nash equilibrium is determined for licenses-on-demand import quotas where licenses are allocated on a prorated basis. Inefficiency is incurred because licenses are allocated to high-cost firms. The ability to overbid exacerbates the inefficiency due to proportionate reductions in licenses. Quota expansion causes high-cost firms to decrease their bids but reduces inefficiency. The entry of a new firm causes all incumbent firms to increase bids or bid the quota. Not penalizing firms for the non-use of licenses increases inefficiency. The inefficiency impacts of tariff reductions, license fees, limits per firm, and imperfect information are also addressed. 相似文献
83.
Holger Roschk Jana Müller Katja Gelbrich 《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2013,20(2):154-164
This research examines how age moderates the impact of justice perception (i.e., distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) on post-complaint satisfaction. By tracking the three justice dimensions' effect sizes across different ages, we identify four developmental stages of adulthood, which are separated by five-year transition periods. The stages are young (18–27 years of age), early (33–43), middle (49–57), and late adulthood (≥63). The moderation results show that the impact of distributive justice on satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood and the effect of procedural justice in early adulthood. Finally, the effect of interactional justice dips in early adulthood. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
84.
85.
Cancer detection and treatment is now a huge part of the health care system, and many cancer charities and organizations advertise heavily in various media. However, from pink ribbons to yellow wristbands, marketing spending and imagery are vastly different between diseases that primarily affect men and those that primarily affect women. Yet, the ways in which consumers react to specific marketing images when used in cancer‐related advertising, and the importance of the congruence between the disease and the ad image have been under‐researched. This paper explores these research questions in two studies and finds significant differences in ad evaluations by image and gender of the disease target. 相似文献
86.
Jana St?ver 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2008,88(3):208-209
87.
Mit der jüngsten F?deralismusreform soll unter anderem die Verbindlichkeit der Verschuldungsgrenzen erh?ht werden. Hierdurch
steigen die Anforderungen an die Haushalts- und Finanzplanung, da unerwartete Entwicklungen zukünftig verst?rkt im Rahmen
der regul?ren Grenzen abgefedert werden müssen. Begrenzte Abweichungen im Vollzug k?nnen zwar über das Kontrollkonto aufgefangen
werden. Wie kann aber vermieden werden, dass überraschende Entwicklungen erratische Politikanpassungen im Rahmen der Haushaltsplanungen
erforderlich machen und so eine stetige Finanzpolitik erschwert und die Wirkung der automatischen Stabilisatoren eingeschr?nkt
wird? 相似文献
88.
Lennart Sjöberg Martin Peterson Jana Fromm Åsa Boholm Sven‐Ove Hanson 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(7-8):599-616
Research on risks has mainly been devoted to detailed analyses of such risks that are subject to public debate and policy decision making. However, many if not most of the risks that are now the subject of regulation were once neglected. Experts in conjunction with regulators have a crucial role in putting risks on the policy agenda. But what views do experts have on the matter of attention to risks? In order to answer this question risk assessment experts were asked to list the risks they considered to be over‐emphasized, respectively neglected. Radiation risks constituted the largest category of risks reported to be over‐emphasized. Other risks often reported to be over‐emphasized included BSE, GMOs, amalgam, and air traffic. Lifestyle risks were the largest category of risks reported to be neglected. Other risks often listed as neglected included radon (as an exception within the radiation category), road traffic, socio‐economic risks, energy production excluding nuclear power, and local accidents (including fires and workplace accidents). Risks mentioned about equally often as neglected and over‐emphasized included chemicals and crime. There was a correlation between perceived risk and neglect: risks considered to be neglected were also judged as larger. For a comparison, the topics of articles in the journal Risk Analysis from 1991–2000 were categorized into the same risk categories that were used for the questionnaire. The risks most commonly treated in the journal (chemicals and cancer) coincided with the risks which experts in our survey considered to be overemphasized rather than neglected. 相似文献
89.
John R. Graham Jana S. Raedy Douglas A. Shackelford 《Journal of Accounting and Economics》2012,53(1-2):412-434
This paper comprehensively reviews the Accounting for Income Taxes (AFIT) literature. We begin by identifying four distinctive aspects of AFIT and briefly covering the rules surrounding AFIT. We then review the existing studies in detail and offer suggestions for future research. We emphasize the research questions that have been addressed (most of which relate to whether the tax accounts are used to manage earnings and whether the tax accounts are priced by equity market participants). We also highlight areas that have not received much research attention and that warrant future analysis. 相似文献
90.
Jana P. Fidrmuc Peter Roosenboom Richard Paap Tim Teunissen 《Journal of Corporate Finance》2012,18(4):828-848
This paper investigates the selling process of firms acquired by private equity versus strategic buyers. In a single regression setup we show that selling firms choose between formal auctions, controlled sales and private negotiations to fit their firm and deal characteristics including profitability, R&D, deal initiation and type of the eventual acquirer (private equity or strategic buyer). At the same time, a regression model determining the buyer type shows that private equity buyers pursue targets that have more tangible assets, lower market-to-book ratios and lower research and development expenses relative to targets bought by strategic buyers. To reflect possible interdependencies between these two choices and their impact on takeover premium, as a last step, we estimate a simultaneous model that includes the selling mechanism choice, buyer type and premium equations. Our results show that the primary decision within the whole selling process is the target firm's decision concerning whether to sell the firm in an auction, controlled sale or negotiation which then affects the buyer type. These two decisions seem to be optimal as then they do not impact premium. 相似文献