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991.
Dennis R. Cooley 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,89(3):351-369
No one would deny that sustainability is necessary for individual, business, and national survival. How this goal is to be
accomplished is a matter of great debate. In this article I will show that the United States and other developed countries
have a duty to create sustainable cities, even if that is against a notion of private property rights considered as an absolute.
Through eminent domain and regulation, developed countries can fulfill their obligations to current and future generations.
To do so, the governments must reject perfectly competitive free market capitalism and the absolute right to private property,
and more fully adopt social welfare capitalism as their economic system. The result will be a sustainable society that balances
democracy, individual rights and individual flourishing with the community’s flourishing. 相似文献
992.
In recent public administration literature, much attention is paid to changes in public service values, including ethical
values, that guide public service. This paper reports on the results of an empirical survey conducted among a group of Turkish
governors and district governors (including those in service and retired) who are from different generations. By focusing
on the transformation of value preferences of Turkish governors and district governors, this study tries to identify variations
in values, particularly about public service ethics, in accordance with the age and the length of tenure in public service.
The findings of the research show a traditional and more or less consistent value pattern for Turkish governors and district
governors. The most important public service values expressed by the respondents are consistent with often-mentioned crucial
public service values in the literature. New or emerging values have not been present enough among the most important public
service values. In brief, the results do not lend support to the often-assumed hypothesis that traditional public service
values are devaluated or degraded by the emergence of businesslike values. In other words, new emerging values could not sneak
into the public service culture in any convincing manner in spite of many years of NPM rhetoric and recipes. 相似文献
993.
Christoph Buchheim 《Intereconomics》2009,44(4):226-230
In the context of the ongoing financial and economic crisis reference is frequently made to the Great Depression of the 1930s
and fears are voiced that we may have embarked on a similar path. This article looks at the conditions prevailing back then
and compares them with the present economic environment. From this some conclusions are drawn as to the likelihood of a recurrence
of the disaster. 相似文献
994.
Baruch Gliksberg 《Economic Theory》2009,41(3):443-463
This paper focuses on two mechanisms under which interest-rate feed-back rules induce local indeterminacy in a closed economy
with capital accumulation: arbitrage activity and the pricing channel. It shows that constrained investment, in the sense
that it requires liquidity or that adjustment to the stock of capital is costly, is enough to induce indeterminacy if monetary
policy follows a strictly passive interest rate rule. Determinacy of equilibrium is ensured under an active monetary policy
stance. These results change when production externalities are introduced into the model so as to mimic the pricing channel
in New Keynesian models. In this case, a policy stance that ensures determinacy is either active or strictly passive. In view
of the contradicting results for the passive stance and the similar results for the active stance it is recommended that central
banks act according to the active stance. 相似文献
995.
Darwin BondGraham 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(4):279-309
Most accounts of organized philanthropy’s response to the Katrina disaster portray foundations as either providing critical
resources in the absence of federal, state, and municipal leadership, or as mildly ineffective and uncommitted grantmakers
with little understanding of local nonprofit and community needs. Through an in-depth case study of the three largest regional
foundations and two largest foundations established as a direct response to Hurricane Katrina, I examine the overall role
of philanthropy in the post-Katrina New Orleans, including the history, leadership, grantmaking practices, and ideology of
the largest and most influential foundations. Far from being saviors in the absence of state leadership, nor bumbling and
ineffective grantmakers, it is shown that dominant foundations and major NGOs have proven very effective in leading the local
growth coalition’s opportunistic response to the disaster. 相似文献
996.
Risk aversion experiments such as those by Holt and Laury (2002, 2005) measure risk aversion by examining subjects’ responses to a series of probability-ordered choices. Subjects are paid real
money rewards, using the random round payment method in which the amount is determined by one randomly selected decision.
The findings reported here were obtained from 119 subjects who confronted the same choice set and payment amounts, but 60
of these subjects were paid using the random-round method while the remaining 59 were paid based on an average of all their
choices, the accumulated value method. The accumulated value payment method simulates portfolio returns, as opposed to returns
from stand alone investments. Results indicate that accumulated value subjects took more risk and made more inconsistent decisions. 相似文献
997.
Andrea Migone 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2011,24(4):355-381
The recent economic crisis has once more underscored the close connection between markets and social life, thrusting this
point at the centre of the analysis of economic and political activity and has once more asked the question of whether and
how individuals are embedded in both. Here I argue that an analysis and partial reconciliation of the positions of F.A. Hayek
and Karl Polanyi on the topic can help in this debate. 相似文献
998.
We compare two types of uniform-price auction formats commonly used in wholesale electricity markets—centrally committed and
self-committed markets. Auctions in both markets are conducted by an independent system operator that collects generator bids
and determines which generators will operate and how much electricity each will produce. In centrally committed markets, generators
submit two-part bids consisting of a startup cost and a variable energy cost. Self-committed markets force generators to incorporate
their startup costs into a one-part energy bid. The system operator in a centrally committed system ensures that each generator
recovers the startup and energy costs stated in its two-part bid, while no such guarantees are made in self-committed markets.
The energy cost ranking and incentive properties of these market designs remains an open question. While the system operator
can determine the most efficient dispatch with a centralized market, the auction mechanism used to solicit generator data
compels generators to overstate costs. Self commitment might involve less efficient dispatch but have better incentive properties.
We derive Nash equilibria for both market designs in a symmetric duopoly setting. We also derive simple conditions under which
the two market designs will be expected cost-equivalent. 相似文献
999.
Christopher C. Moore Daniel J. Phaneuf Walter N. Thurman 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(1):1-26
In this article we evaluate a US Forest Service plan to mitigate damages from an invasive insect on public, forested land.
We develop a dynamic model of infestation and control to explicitly account for biological interactions, baseline conditions,
and uncertainty, thus creating a more complete picture of policy impacts than a static cost benefit analysis could provide.
We combine the results of the dynamic model with an empirical study of nonmarket forest benefits to create a bioeconomic model
of ecosystem management. Estimating the empirical model in a Bayesian framework allows us to treat the economic coefficients
of the dynamic model as random variables. We specify distributions for the biological parameters and examine the effects of
both biological and economic uncertainty on the predictive distribution of net benefits. We find that the net benefits of
the program are positive, and that uncertainty in the biological model contributes substantially more to the variance of our
estimate than does uncertainty over the valuation of the resource. 相似文献
1000.
Commercial food health branding is a challenging branch of marketing because it might, at the same time, promote healthy living
and be commercially viable. However, the power to influence individuals’ health behavior and overall health status makes it
crucial for marketing professionals to take into account the ethical dimensions of health branding: this article presents
a conceptual analysis of potential ethical problems in health branding. The analysis focuses on ethical concerns related to
the application of three health brand elements (functional claims, process claims, and health symbols) as well as a number
of general concerns that apply to health branding as such. Being a pioneering analysis, this article advances the academic
understanding of health branding and provides practitioners with knowledge of important concerns to take into account when
marketing health brands. 相似文献