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631.
Recent research is focused on the study of health care expenditure and fiscal sustainability. In order to facilitate the understanding of this issue, we centre our interest on the Spanish pharmaceutical expenditure. Specifically, using data for the period 1995–2012, in the article we analyse if economic cycles affect pharmaceutical expenditures. Our results support that there is a positive relationship between pharmaceutical expenditure and economic development. Therefore, we conclude that pharmaceutical expenditures are pro cyclical over the last years. 相似文献
632.
The internalization of externalities in the production of electricity: Willingness to pay for the attributes of a policy for renewable energy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper investigates the willingness to pay of a sample of residents of Bath, England, for a hypothetical program that promotes the production of renewable energy. Using choice experiments, we assess the preferences of respondents for a policy for the promotion of renewable energy that: (i) contributes to the internalization of the external costs caused by fossil fuel technologies; (ii) affects the short-term security of energy supply; (iii) has an impact on the employment in the energy sector; and (iv) leads to an increase in the electricity bill. Responses to the choice questions show that our respondents are in favour of a policy for renewable energy and that they attach a high value to a policy that brings private and public benefits in terms of climate change and energy security benefits. Our results therefore suggest that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for electricity in order to internalize the external costs in terms of energy security, climate change and air pollution caused by the production of electricity. 相似文献
633.
The bioeconomics of homogeneous middleman groups as adaptive units: Theory and empirical evidence viewed from a group selection framework 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Janet T. Landa 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2008,10(3):259-278
The paper presents a bioeconomics theory of homogeneous middleman groups (HMGs) as adaptive units as well as empirical evidence
in the form of a number of historical case studies of HMGs functioning as adaptive units in less-developed economies lacking
infrastructure. The evidence presented is not new: most of the case studies have been published [Landa (in Jenkins (Ed.) The
informal sector: Including the excluded, 1988)]. What is new, however, is analyzing the phenomena of HMGs in a new way—as
adaptive units viewed from a group selection perspective. In doing so, the case studies in this paper present empirical evidence
of the existence and importance of group selection in human society.
Target paper. 相似文献
634.
The aim of the research is to estimate the potential demand for certified clams in Italy and to investigate the determinants of maximum amount that respondents are willing to pay for this product. Quantitative analysis was used based on 1,067 face-to-face interviews collected in 3 Italian regions in the north bordering the Adriatic Sea (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna) carried out during 2008. The consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) is measured using a contingent valuation method. In order to estimate separately the determinants of the probability that respondents are willing to pay and the maximum that they are willing to pay, a generalization of Tobit model was adopted. The results indicate that consumers are willing to pay a premium price mainly to purchase better quality products. The research provides some initial insight into consumers' WTP that can be useful for certified fish farming. 相似文献
635.
Marta Peris-Ortiz Carlos Rueda-Armengot Diana Benito Osorio 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2012,8(3):343-354
This article begins by reviewing some of the main theoretical approaches to entrepreneurship. We then discuss the measures proposed in the literature to benefit women, facilitating reconciliation of work and family life and examining the view of authors who consider the negative effects of these measures. Finally, we contemplate situations where the measures benefiting women are based on economic or ethical reasons. This last section qualifies the universalist approach underlying work-family life reconciliation, describing the context for interaction between women and entrepreneurial activity. 相似文献
636.
This paper aims to show how the frequently asked question about the future of work, that is, whether human beings are going to be replaced by machines and robots, arose, and why the way such question is posed is inadequate to account for the human and social value of care professions. We discuss how the dimensions entailed in care professions are specifically human and argue that any kind of human work actually reflects them (and will reflect them in the future), irrespective of the impact of technological changes. The present argument also aims to unveil the extent of the effects of the postmodern epistemological crisis regarding the concept of work, to reformulate the question about the future of human work, and to offer a characterization of care as a specific component of human work in the age of machines. 相似文献
637.
Marta Massi Piergiacomo Mion Dalle Carbonare Marek Prokupek Alex Turrini 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2023,28(4):e1804
Fundraisers play a crucial role in helping arts and culture organizations obtain the financial resources they need to carry out their missions and support their causes. However, research on fundraisers' careers is still in its infancy. As the profession gains importance, understanding the main motivating factors of fundraisers' career paths is key. This study investigates the effects of three variables that emerged as relevant motivations for fundraiser careers, that is, education, career promotion and sector experience, on fundraising executives' tenure and career switching. In addition, this research identifies profiles of fundraising executives in the arts and culture organizations in the United States. Moreover, this study explores the role of non-profit orientation as a moderator of the relationship between career switching and tenure, and parallel titles as a moderator of the relationship between sector experience and tenure. Managerial implications are outlined. 相似文献
638.
María Jesús Segovia-Vargas I. Marta Miranda-García Freddy Alejandro Oquendo-Torres 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2023,94(3):951-980
The current world situation leads us to consider that sustainable development needs to be a global priority to ensure the future of the planet and improve the quality of life. There is a need for sustainable finance to support this. Savings and credit cooperatives could help to achieve this impact as they serve the microfinance and microlending market. They facilitate the financial inclusion of the most vulnerable people, most of whom live in rural areas and are members of organizations, such as agricultural cooperatives and associations. Previous studies have focused exclusively on overall profitability, so this paper contributes to extending the literature by analyzing the whole population of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador (510 institutions), focusing on their profitability in two ways: the overall profitability necessary for the viability of the business and, in addition, the microcredit portfolio profitability, as a specific measure of its contribution to sustainability and social value creation. Another novelty is that the analysis has been carried out using several machine learning techniques for the wider generalization of the results. These show that size is the most relevant variable for predicting the ROE and that the microcredit portfolio profitability is conditioned by the credit variables. 相似文献
639.
Barroso-Castro Carmen Domínguez de la Concha Castañeda Marta Rodríguez Serrano Mª de los Ángeles 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2022,18(2):901-934
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - Drawing from the resource-based view of the firm, Penrosean theory, and the resource dependence theory, it is argued in this study that the... 相似文献
640.
Hanson Janet R. Hardman Sally Luke Sue Lucas Bill 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2022,32(3):1469-1494
International Journal of Technology and Design Education - This paper explores how primary teachers might be prepared through their pre-service training to feel more confident to include... 相似文献