WHY DO PEOPLE AVOID ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET?

This study was designed to provide insights into why people avoid advertising on the Internet. Recent negative trends in Internet advertising, such as "banner blindness" and extremely low click-through rates, make it imperative to study various factors affecting Internet ad avoidance. Accordingly, this study builds a comprehensive theoretical model explaining advertising avoidance on the Internet. We examined three latent variables of Internet ad avoidance: perceived goal impediment, perceived ad clutter, and prior negative experience. We found that these constructs successfully explain why people cognitively, affectively, and behaviorally avoid advertising messages on the Internet. Perceived goal impediment is found to be the most significant antecedent explaining advertising avoidance on the Internet.     

Self-censorship on Internal Social Media: A Case Study of Coworker Communication Behavior in a Danish Bank

Internal social media (ISM) or social intranets provide organizations with a communication arena in which coworkers can actively contribute to organizational communication. Coworkers are, however, far from impulsive and spontaneous when they communicate on ISM. A case study in a Danish bank found that coworkers considered carefully the consequences of their posts or comments before publishing them. These coworkers perceived four different risks associated with ISM communication, and they used seven self-censorship strategies to ensure that both the content and the formulation of their communication were relevant and appropriate. Coworkers not only censor themselves by withdrawing, as previous studies have suggested, but they also postpone publishing content, phrase or frame content differently, imagine responses from organizational members, ask others for a second opinion, choose another channel, or write only positive comments. Through these seven self-censorship strategies, coworkers retain the quality of communication on ISM and prevent conflict or relational damage. Future research should explore the self-regulation strategies underlying self-censorship in order to improve understanding of the circumstances that increase the likelihood of responsible use of ISM. The potential dark side of self-censorship also requires exploration: when can self-censorship threaten coworkers’ freedom of expression, and develop into organizational silence?     

Home and away: graduate experience from a regional perspective

The recent establishment of regional assemblies adds a further policy dimension to higher education. This paper consists of an empirical analysis of the choices made by the 1991 Northern Ireland cohort of entrants to higher education to stay in or leave Northern Ireland for universities and subsequently then for employment. The data indicate that the probability to leave was firmly linked to A level scores, though this interacted with religion and social class. The choice of labour market for most students reflected the location of university. Those who returned to Northern Ireland after graduation were less able and earned less on average than those who remained. Employment in the locality of the university improves earnings, possibly due to the information this generates for both parties.     

托盘的应用及其功效

本文介绍了托盘的诞生、应用和优缺点，着重分析了托盘协同系统，并对托盘的规格和标准化问题进行了有益的探讨。     

如何运用内部评级系统改善信用风险管理（上）

2005年10月开始,来自日本最大金融集团,包括瑞穗、三井住友、三菱银行以及日本央行(BankofJapan)在内的二十余位在信用风险管理方面具有丰富实践经验的专家所组成的研究团队,就如何使用内部评级系统、采取不同方法改善信用风险管理进行了系列讨论。拥有先进风险管理技术的外资银行所使用的方法以及国外的研究成果亦在讨论议题之中。讨论至今已举办了5次,该研究团队的秘书处——日本央行金融机构局的高级金融技术中心总结了5次讨论的要点、形成报告,并在日本金融界公布,使金融机构能在信用风险管理方面有所借鉴。本报告只涉及信用风险管理,所发表观点只代表专家个人,不代表专家所在机构。本刊得到日本央行金融机构局的许可,翻译并节选了该报告的主要内容,本刊分两期刊载。     

Consumption of special diets among adolescents from 1999 to 2013: A population‐based study in Finland

Special diets are consumed as a treatment for diseases such as food allergies, diabetes, lactose intolerance, and coeliac disease. Lifestyle‐related diets, such as vegetarian, weight‐reducing, sports, bodybuilding, and low‐carbohydrate diets, can also be called special diets. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of and reasons for special diet consumption as a therapeutic measure or as a lifestyle‐related choice among 12‐ to 18‐year‐old Finns. Nationwide cross‐sectional data were collected by mailed, self‐administered questionnaires in 1999, 2001, 2007, and 2013. The number of respondents varied from 3535 to 8219, and response rates ranged from 38% to 76%. Consumption of special diets, both for therapeutic purposes and as a lifestyle‐related choice, showed a significant increasing trend in 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds from 1999 to 2013 (p < .001). During the study period, the most frequently‐reported single diets in adolescents were vegetarian and lactose intolerance diets. However, a fluctuation trend was observed in the consumption of different lifestyle‐related diets. Further, a growing number of respondents, especially girls, reported simultaneous consumption of a combination of two or more therapeutic and/or lifestyle‐related diets. The reason(s) for choosing a therapeutic diet seems to stay constant during the studied period. In contrast, a wide variety of reasons such as health, wellbeing, body weight, ethical, and ideological reasons, and the avoidance of some specific foods were given for the consumption of lifestyle‐related diets. Our study results correspond well to the increased prevalence of common illnesses in Finland. Data also reveal the properties of special diet consumption among adolescents in the long run, and this highlights the need to further educate Finnish adolescents on nutrition literacy.     

视角系数能否预测景观认知——以东京 文化遗产庭园为例

文化遗产景观正在面临城市化的挑战。为了解游客对城市背景下文化遗产庭园的认知,探索景观形态和游客认知之间的关系,对东京都内6个文化遗产庭园进行了游客认知的调查,并利用球面相机拍摄的全景图计算观测点各景观要素的视角系数。结果发现,天空、庭园、背景建筑的视角系数均与文化遗产庭园的安静感、尺度感、质感、构成感及开阔感显著相关,其中庭园的视角系数是对认知项目最有效的预测因子,并且其预测性不会因为游客国籍或性别的改变而有很大的变化。此外,园外现代建筑的视角系数与庭园的自然感、人工感及历史感均无明显关系。发现将景观认知研究拓展到文化遗产景观的空间形态领域,为文化遗产景观的评价提供了潜在的环境指标,亦是景观评价公众参与的一次实践经验。     

2002:期待与焦虑中的日本经济

自20世纪90年代初日本经济陷入长期萧条以来,日本经济研究也随之进入了深层探讨的时期。中外学者就日本经济长期衰退的成因、现状及趋势进行了多方有益的探索,而随着近期日本经济形势的转变,一些新现象、新特征开始逐步显现。为此,我们组织吉林大学东北亚研究院日本研究所的有关专家、学者从总体、内需、财政、金融、国际贸易、国际直接投资、产业国际竞争力和企业经营等角度出发,对当前的日本经济进行了回顾、反思与展望,希望由此进一步促进并深化日本经济有关方面的研究。     

如何运用内部评级系统改善信用风险管理（下）

2005年10月开始,来自日本最大金融集团,包括瑞穗、三井住友、三菱银行以及日本央行(BankofJapan)在内的20余位在信用风险管理方面具有丰富实践经验的专家所组成的研究团队,就如何使用内部评级系统、采取不同方法以改善信用风险管理进行了系列讨论。拥有先进风险管理技术的外资银行所使用的方法以及国外的研究成果亦被纳入讨论议题之中。讨论至今已举办了5次,该研究团队的秘书处——日本央行金融机构局的高级金融技术中心总结了5次讨论的要点、形成报告,在日本金融界公布,使金融机构能在信用风险管理方面有所借鉴。本报告只涉及信用风险管理,所发表观点仅代表专家个人,不代表专家所在机构。本刊得到日本银行金融机构局的同意,并翻译节选了该报告的主要内容,本期刊载后半部分。