An empirical investigation and comparison of neural networks and regression for scanner data analysis

The objective of this study is to examine neural networks as an alternative to traditional statistical methods for the analysis of scanner data. The results of the study showed that neural networks can be an effective alternative to regression for modeling and predicting the effects of retailer activity on brand sales. The neural network models exhibited better performance in terms of both mean squared error and R² than the regression model.     

伦敦商学院：如何看待事会自我评议

组织内如何做出决策，这一问题甚至在管理学被视为一项研究领域之前，就吸引着管理研究者。然而，尽管研究人员、顾问和认真的从业者付出了种种努力，但在大多数组织里，决策仍然和以往一样停留在业余水平。重要决策往往是匆忙采取的即兴之作。更糟的是，几乎没几个组织会费心反省糟糕决定是如何做出的，以便从经验中吸取教训。     

The international assignment of stabilization policies under fixed and flexible exchange rates

This paper investigates the ability of policymakers to achieve stabilization targets in the face of spillover effects from abroad. In the context of a two-country Keynesian model, each country's stabilization policy turns out to have a comparative advantage over domestic economic activity under fixed exchange rates and sterilization. By assigning policy domestically, both employment targets can be eventually achieved despite trade linkage spillovers. The same conclusion is reached for the case of floating exchange rates despite spillover effects associated with capital mobility. Finally, it is discovered that coordination under fixed exchange rates may benefit one country and injure the other.     

An experiment with multiple currencies: the American monetary system from 1838–60

This paper finds that the combination of state regulated bank notes and deposits acting as the principal form of money and heterogeneous bank laws in the antebellum United States led to a loosely fixed exchange rate system where states were capable of exercising limited independent monetary policy. It finds that bank note circulation and deposits moved differently across the states, and based on narrative evidence, it seems states were aware of their ability to affect the money supply of their economies and that some states did in fact try to change their banking systems to do so.     

Influences on what consumers know and what they think they know regarding marketer pricing tactics

Although a considerable amount of research has investigated consumer knowledge of individual prices, consumer knowledge of marketer pricing tactics (e.g., partitioned prices, pennies a day) has received only limited attention. In the current research, a model depicting hypothesized antecedents of consumer knowledge (both accurate and self‐perceived) regarding pricing tactics marketers use is proposed and then investigated in two studies. Tests of the model provided support for the hypothesized antecedents of both objective and subjective pricing tactic knowledge and suggested that experience is a key moderator of the objective pricing tactic knowledge–subjective pricing tactic knowledge relationship. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prospects for account-based health plans under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Account-based health plans (ABHPs), which combine high-deductible plans with either health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) or health savings accounts (HSAs), have gained popularity in recent years. Because there is growing evidence these plans are indeed engaging consumers and moderating cost increases, employers will need ABHP design options as they strive to bring costs under control in coming years. Some observers, however, are now concerned that benefits standards introduced by federal health care reform will undermine these plans, and many in the business community anticipate new health benefits mandates will drive up employers' total health care costs. The authors show that although the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 includes numerous provisions that will likely increase costs for employers, the law also accommodates, and may even foster, HSAs and HRAs.     

THE PROMISE AND THE PERIL OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA

After the 1997 East Asian crisis, central banks throughout the region tried to reduce the risk of future bank failures by promulgating regulatory reforms. The results in Indonesia have been to concentrate rather than mitigate banking risks, and to decrease the access of low-income households and enterprises to formal financial services, especially in rural areas. The most severe casualties of the ‘reforms’ have been local government-owned micro finance institutions. In the provinces where these institutions have functioned best, they have addressed a market failure by extending coverage to areas not served by conventional financial institutions. Understanding the past performance and potential for replication of these success stories continues to be important because of the substantial gaps that remain in the access of rural Indonesian households and micro enterprises to fi nancial services.     

CORRUPTION AND THE SHADOW ECONOMY*

This article develops a simple framework for analyzing the links between corruption and the unofficial economy and their implications for the official economy. In a model of self‐selection with heterogeneous entrepreneurs, we show that the entrepreneurs' option to flee to the underground economy constrains a corrupt official's ability to introduce distortions to the economy for private gains. The unofficial economy thus mitigates government‐induced distortions and, as a result, leads to enhanced economic activities in the official sector. In this sense, the presence of the unofficial sector acts as a complement to the official economy instead of as a substitute.     

‘Hello,Mrs. Sarah Jones! We recommend this product!’Consumers' perceptions about personalized advertising: comparisons across advertisements delivered via three different types of media

As new technologies (e.g. online, mobile and interactive TV) develop worldwide, numerous types of personalized advertising, in which companies use an individual's name and/or other types of personal information, have become more popular in many countries. Using many types of information about specific individuals, personalized advertising is designed to convey a customized message at the right time to the right person using diverse media. However, despite its universally increased use, few academic studies have explored the effectiveness of personalized advertising and consumers' response to it. This exploratory study focused on consumers' perceptions of personalized advertising delivered online (e‐mail) and offline (letter and telephone call). The results show that consumers generally have negative perceptions of personalized advertising, regardless of how it is delivered, with the strongest negative reaction to telephone calls.