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91.
This article analyses three strands of local government modernization. The first takes an overview of the development of 'modernization' and 'improvement' of local government in the UK under the Labour government since 1997 and the overall programme of reform. We discuss both the shifts and the continuities with the previous decade and a half of the 'new public management' of Conservative administrations. We examine the implicit assumptions about how to achieve organizational and cultural change, arguing that much modernization is premised on a mechanistic metaphor of organizational change. The second section of the article examines other metaphors and theories of organizational change, arguing for the need to consider institutional and organizational perspectives in analysing local government modernization. The third section of the article then applies some organizational concepts to the comparative analysis of local government modernization. 相似文献
92.
Julie Froud Colin Haslam Sukhdev Johal Jean Shaoul Karel Williams 《Asia Pacific Business Review》2013,19(1):54-72
In the Asia-Pacific region, the conditions and consequences of East Asian success have understandably attracted more attention than the causes and implications of North American failure. In the American case, any failure must be relative when the US remains a bloc-sized market and the only surviving superpower. Thus, for Asians the US figures economically as an export opportunity and socially, for puritans like Lee Kuan Yew, as a warning about decadence. The discussion among Americans is altogether more interesting. This article analyses the debate about national competitiveness among American liberal democrats like Magaziner, Reich, Tyson and Krugman and looks behind the differences of position that separate these protagonists, with two conclusions. First, as the old 1980s problem of national uncompetitivencss is jettisoned in the 1990s; all the liberals now agree that Americans are no longer in the same boat, that while some are becoming increasingly successful, others are sinking fast. Second; the protagonists have moved from an industrial policy fix in the 1980s to an end of policy era in the 1990s where the question for American liberals is whether and how the political system can absorb the stresses createted by increasing inequality. 相似文献
93.
Jean Gabszewicz 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(4):323-343
This paper explores (i) the incentives for an incumbent firm to acquire an entrant willing to sell a product innovation rather than openly competing with this entrant, and (ii) in case of acquisition, the incentives to sell simultaneously both the existing products and the new one rather than specializing on a single variant. We prove that, in some circumstances, an incumbent firm can find it profitable to make an acquisition proposal to the entrant. Nevertheless, in this acquisition scenario, a product proliferation strategy is never observed at equilibrium. Furthermore, while being available for sale, sometimes the innovation simply remains unexploited. 相似文献
94.
Abstract ** : The primary objective of this article is to find whether bonds issued by commercial and cooperative banks are rated similarly or not. We then compare the performance of two quantitative methods, namely seemingly unrelated regressions (SURE) and recursive partitioning algorithm (RPA), at explaining bond ratings based on the same set of quantitative indicators. Using the regression model, cooperative banks' credit risk is more sensitive to the quality and size of assets. For commercial banks, elements relative to debt more clearly stand out. In the RPA model, a subtree for the financial cooperatives is created which provides evidence of some differentiation in the rating process. Also, the RPA model outperforms the parametric method whether performance is measured by the percentage of correct classification or the size of the average rating prediction error. 相似文献
95.
We analyze a number of unstudied aspects of retail electricity competition. We first explore the implications of load profiling of consumers whose traditional meters do not permit the measurement of their real‐time consumption. The combination of retail competition and load profiling does not yield the second‐best prices given the non‐price‐responsiveness of retail consumers. We then examine the incentives that electricity retailers have to install each of two types of advanced metering equipment. Finally, we consider the implications of physical limitations on the ability of system operators to cut off individual consumers relying instead on “zonal” rationing of large groups of individual consumers 相似文献
96.
Jean Calais-Auloy 《Journal of Consumer Policy》1985,8(1):53-67
The French Reform Commission (Commission de refonte du droit de la consommation) which is headed by the author has made a set of proposals to the French government in order to improve and adapt French consumer law to modern protective standards and to EEC legislation. One of them, on consumer safety, has already been enacted.The author informs about certain proposals which might interest the foreign reader. They concern consumer information, the quality of goods and services, safety as far as compensation by means of product liability rules is concerned, unfair contract terms, and access to justice.
Jean Calais-Auloy is Professor of Law at the University of Montpellier, Faculté de Droit, F-43000 Montpellier, France. 相似文献
Neue Gesetze zur Verbesserung des Verbraucherschutzes — Vorschläge der französischen Reformkommission
Zusammenfassung Die französische Reformkommission zum Verbraucherschutzrecht, deren Vorsitzende der Autor ist, hat umfangreiche Vorschläge zur Verbesserung des französischen Verbraucherschutzrechts erarbeitet, die einen Anschluß an moderne Schutzstandards under Berücksichtigung der EWG-Diskussion ermöglichen. Im Bereich der Regelung der Produktsicherheit sind die Vorschläge der Kommission zum großen Teil vom Gesetzgeber übernommen worden.Der Autor berichtet über zentrale Punkte der Vorschläge der Kommission: Für den Bereich der Verbraucherinformation wird die Verankerung einer allgemeinen Informationspflicht vorgeschlagen. Qualitätsregeln sollen insbesondere durch Erweiterung der gesetzlichen Verkäuferhaftung nach dem französischen Zivilrecht erfolgen. Flankierend zur Sicherheitsregelung ist die Produkthaftpflicht auf eine Gefährdungshaftung umzustellen. Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen sollen auf Mißbrauch nicht durch eine Behörde, sondern durch Verbandsklagen kontrolliert werden. Der Zugang zum Recht ist durch ein vereinfachendes Klageverfahren und durch Gruppenklagen zu verbessern.
Jean Calais-Auloy is Professor of Law at the University of Montpellier, Faculté de Droit, F-43000 Montpellier, France. 相似文献
97.
State Medicaid home- and community-based waiver programs for persons with AIDS (PWAs) were implemented with the expectation that PWAs would use these services in lieu of more expensive hospital-based care. If so, Medicaid spending per PWA should decline, and program costs fall. We analyze Florida Medicaid claims data for PWAs from December 1995 through December 1997 to determine how participation in the waiver program affects the use of inpatient services, the receipt of antiretroviral combination therapies (available to Medicaid recipients throughout the study period), monthly expenditures, and survival of PWAs. We find that waiver participants are more likely to receive combination therapies but less likely to use hospital-based care than nonparticipants; white men and sicker patients are more likely to join the waiver program than other eligible PWAs; monthly expenditures for waiver participants are 52% lower than for nonparticipants; and waiver participation does not affect survival. 相似文献
98.
99.
Jean Lemaire 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2005,72(3):359-374
The United States remains far behind most other affluent countries in terms of life expectancy. One of the possible causes of this life expectancy gap is the widespread availability of firearms and the resulting high number of U.S. firearm fatalities: 10,801 homicides in 2000. The European Union experienced 1,260 homicides, Japan only 22. Using multiple decrement techniques, I show that firearm violence shortens the life of an average American by 104 days (151 days for white males, 362 days for black males). Among all fatal injuries, only motor vehicle accidents have a stronger effect. I estimate that the elimination of all firearm deaths in the United States would increase the male life expectancy more than the total eradication of all colon and prostate cancers. My results suggest that the insurance premium increases paid by Americans as a result of firearm violence are probably of the same order of magnitude as the total medical costs due to gunshots or the increased cost of administering the criminal justice system due to gun crime. 相似文献
100.