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551.
Bela Gold 《Technovation》1990,10(8)
After reviewing reasons/or the belated emphasis in U.S. industry on substantial advances in quality standards, attention turns to developing a diagnostic basis for organizing a continuing improvement program. This is followed by a detailed review of the elements of a program to identify and to overcome some common sources of shortcomings in productivity as well as in product quality. 相似文献
552.
This paper considers how indicative planning can improve outcomes in an imperfectly competitive economy. We adopt a model of multiple equilibria under imperfect competition based upon one presented by Diamond. We introduce exogenous uncertainty into this model and distinguish between the information provision and coordination roles of a planning agency. 相似文献
553.
Specialization,product development,evolution of the institution of the firm,and economic growth 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper considers the effects of the division of labor on economic growth and welfare in a general equilibrium environment where changes in individual specialization and product development can proceed simultaneously. The nature of the dynamic equilibrium is shown to depend on the interaction of transaction efficiency, economies of specialization, and economies of complementarity. Where the dynamic equilibrium involves evolution in the division of labor, this will be associated with increased per capita real income and hence economic growth. It is also shown that the emergence of firms is an aspect of the evolution of division of labor if transaction efficiency for a producer good is lower than that for labor used to produce this good. 相似文献
554.
Perceived environmental turbulence and its effect on selected entrepreneurship,marketing, and organizational characteristics in industrial firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Entrepreneurship and marketing are approached as proactive corporate responses to an increasingly dynamic, threatening, and
complex external environment. Both represent organizational orientations built around creativity, innovativeness, flexibility,
and risk-taking. A conceptual model is proposed relating the levels of entrepreneurship, marketing activity, and marketing-related
structure of a firm to the degree of perceived environmental turbulence confronting the firm. Results of a survey involving
personal interviews with managers in 93 firms representing six industries are reported. Turbulence is found to have a significant
causal impact on both the levels of entrepreneurship and the marketing orientation of the firm, but not on structural variables. 相似文献
555.
556.
Given the recent changes in the supply and demand of dairy products, many opportunities arise for exporting and importing countries. This paper examines determinants of dairy-product trade by applying the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method to the gravity model using panel data on 49 exporting and 235 importing countries for the 17 years from 2000 to 2016. The gravity model is estimated using both interval data and dynamic analyses. The results show that domestic subsidies have a modest, but significant, impact on dairy-product trade across the models. For example, a 1% increase in subsidies leads to a roughly 0.02% increase in trade for an average country. Memberships in trade agreements, market size factors, and government institutions also positively affect dairy-product trade. However, tariffs are insignificant in the main model specification. Results from the lag-policy analysis show that the impact of subsidies disappears after the second year of distribution; whereas for the lead-policy analysis, results suggest at least 3 years of anticipatory effects on domestic subsidies. 相似文献
557.
Jeff Larrimore 《Review of Income and Wealth》2014,60(4):683-701
Using a shift‐share analysis on March CPS data, this paper estimates the degree to which changes in labor earnings, employment, and marriage patterns account for household income inequality growth in the United States since 1979. The factors contributing to the rapid rise in income inequality in the 1980s differ substantially from those contributing to its slower increase since that time. Unlike findings for the 1980s when changes in the correlation of spouses' earnings accounted for income inequality growth, this factor is no longer a major contributor toward its continued increase. Additionally, the 2000s business cycle is the first full business cycle in at least 30 years where changes in earnings of male household heads accounted for declines in income inequality. Instead, the continued growth in income inequality in the 2000s was accounted for primarily by increases in female earnings inequality and declines in both male and female employment. 相似文献
558.
Target and bidder reference points have separate and joint effects on merger deals. A firm whose stock price is more distant from its 52‐week high reference point is less likely to attract bids but has a greater likelihood of being acquired by its own managers (vs unaffiliated bidders). Firm propensity to submit a bid increases if its prevailing stock price is closer to its 52‐week high. When both parties’ reference points are close to their current stock prices, they are more willing to complete a deal. Hostile deals result when the bidder's stock price is closer to its reference point. 相似文献
559.
退耕农户长期生计分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以陕西、青海两省4个县15个村400个退耕农户为研究对象,通过20年的成本效益分析,探讨了退耕还林对农户生计的长期影响,预测了退耕后林草产品的产出、价格和农产品产量,分析了样本农户退耕前后在土地利用、种植结构、收入和成本结构等方面的变化,对林草产品价格、退耕补助、毁林复耕等因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:在预测的价格和产出水平上,退耕提高了样本农户的收入水平。从长期看,退耕农户面临自然、技术和市场风险。要实现中国政府的生态建设目标,决策者应关注退耕农户尤其是退耕地比例高的农户的长期生计。 相似文献
560.
David B. Audretsch Martin Obschonka Samuel D. Gosling Jeff Potter 《Small Business Economics》2017,48(3):681-697
What are the entrepreneurial places in the USA? Although seminal theorizing on the determinants of entrepreneurship gives culture a unique and important role, systematic empirical evidence linking the distinct cultural identity of regions to their local entrepreneurial spirit and vitality is still scarce. This study offers a first, systematic overview on the nexus between regional cultural identity and latent and manifest entrepreneurship across the USA. To directly assess regional cultural identity, we apply the American Nations and Patchwork Community Types approaches and explore in which way these distinct spatially based cultural regions are reflected by significant differences in entrepreneurial activity and underlying biologically based propensities. We combine annual entrepreneurship rates at the county level with personality data collected in a large-scale, Internet-based study of 3,457,270 US residents. The findings suggest that entrepreneurship culture reflects the dynamic interplay between the region’s cultural identity and its latent and manifest entrepreneurship. 相似文献