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11.
Changing trends and the nature of the work force dictate increased personal responsibility by employees and expanded use of
self-management practices. Nevertheless, organizations also feel the need to maintain external control. We propose a progressive
view of accountability theory which can resolve the dilemma of how internal and external control can effectively coexist.
Success of accountability forces is determined primarily by the relationship between the principal (party to whom one is accountable)
and the agent (employee). The agent’s felt responsibility is enhanced to the extent that accountability leads to the structuring
of expectations, the agent’s perceptions of the task or activity as significant, and the agent’s perception of control over
the situation. Propositions that may be used to guide future research are offered throughout the article. 相似文献
12.
Previous studies of human service facility spillovers on residential property values have been inconclusive, and have failed to take into account the effects of racial segmentation of housing markets. Likewise, studies of racial discrimination in urban housing markets and price differentials between white and nonwhite areas of the city have failed to consider the impacts of service facilities on prices. This study develops an hedonic price model of housing services in a racially segmented housing market, which considers a variety of human service facilities and their spillover effects. Model results for Oakland, California in 1976 indicate that facilities significantly affect housing prices both positively and negatively, and that these effects vary by racial submarket. Implications of these findings for the interpretation of past discrimination studies, facility impact studies, and social policy are considered. 相似文献
13.
Historically, the lack of competition in developing countries has resulted in highly concentrated domestic industries that suffer from diseconomies of scale but prosper behind high walls of protection. Liberalization is expected to reverse this trend but at what cost? This article utilizes an import demand framework to examine the potential impact of trade liberalization on the manufacturing sector in the Caribbean using the case of Barbados. The results indicate that the manufacturing industry could encounter tremendous price competition, which could compromise the future survival of these industries. The study recommends that industries reorganize production processes to increase efficiency, which will allow them to compete effectively in the new global trading environment. These results may also be applicable to the wider Caribbean. 相似文献
14.
Gillian Rowley 《公共资金与管理》1997,17(4):7-12
A great deal has been written about mergers in industry, but those in the public sector have received much less attention. This article sets out to redress the balance, analysing 30 recent merger examples in the higher education (HE) sector. It draws parallels with the wider literature, and includes recommendations for practitioners. 相似文献
15.
This paper raises the issue of control in new organizational configurations where information and communication technology is the critical enabler of business integration. It is organized around two guiding questions; how and why major U.K. supermarkets have taken control and dominance of the food market, and the role of information technology and accounting information in replacing market relationships. The study illustrates the way in which markets can be structured and controlled by strategic reconfiguration of supply sources and customer outlets. 相似文献
16.
Sung S. Kwon Qin Jennifer Yin Jongsoo Han 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2006,27(2):143-173
This paper examines systematic differences in the level of accounting conservatism between high-tech and low-tech firms. Relying
on the recent development in theoretical models and empirical measures of conservatism, we investigate conservative accounting
practices and earnings management behavior in high-tech and low-tech firms. The results based on comparisons of cumulative
nonoperating accruals, regression coefficients from the income timeliness models in Basu (1997), the distribution of earnings,
and discretionary accruals between the two groups are consistent with a higher level of accounting conservatism in high-tech
firms vis-à-vis low-tech firms. Additional analyses show that the effect of conservatism cannot be used as a defense for the
over-valuation of high-tech firms. 相似文献
17.
Lucie Courteau Jennifer L. Kao Terry O'Keefe Gordon D. Richardson 《Accounting & Finance》2006,46(4):553-575
In this paper, we assess the relative performance of the direct valuation method and industry multiplier models using 41 435 firm‐quarter Value Line observations over an 11 year (1990–2000) period. Results from both pricing‐error and return‐prediction analyses indicate that direct valuation yields lower percentage pricing errors and greater return prediction ability than the forward price to aggregated forecasted earnings multiplier model. However, a simple hybrid combination of these two methods leads to more accurate intrinsic value estimates, compared to either method used in isolation. It would appear that fundamental analysis could benefit from using one approach as a check on the other. 相似文献
18.
Jennifer Alonso-García María del Carmen Boado-Penas Pierre Devolder 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2018,2018(2):85-108
The notional defined contribution model combines pay-as-you-go financing and a defined contribution pension formula. This paper aims to demonstrate the extent to which liquidity and solvency indicators are affected by fluctuations in economic and demographic conditions and to explore the introduction of an automatic balancing mechanism (ABM) into the pension scheme. We demonstrate that the introduction of an ABM reduces the volatility of the buffer fund and that, in most cases, the automatic mechanism that re-establishes solvency produces the highest value of the risk-adjusted notional factor. 相似文献
19.
Board of Directors and CSR in Banking: The Moderating Role of Bank Regulation and Investor Protection Strength
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Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero Emma García‐Meca 《Australian Accounting Review》2018,28(3):428-445
This paper brings together research on boards of directors as the backbone of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the banking industry. The underlying idea is that some characteristics of bank boards, in particular independence and gender diversity, may impact the CSR commitments of banks. By making use of a sample of 159 banks in nine countries during the period 2004–2010, our empirical evidence suggests that banks with more independent directors and more female members on their boards incline toward socially responsible behaviour. Our results also suggest that institutional factors play a significant role in these effects. They show that in greater regulatory and stronger investor protection environments, board independence and gender diversity have more influence on the social behaviour of banks. 相似文献
20.
Haitham A. Al-Zoubi Jennifer A. O’Sullivan Abdulaziz M. Alwathnani 《Annals of Finance》2018,14(1):105-123
We perform peridogram based cycle analysis of firm capital structure and find evidence that firms’ leverage is both persistent and cyclical. The cyclicality of leverage is supported by the trade-off, pecking order and market timing capital structure theories (Korajczyk and Levy in J Financ Econ 68:75–109, 2003; Bhamra et al. in Rev Financ Stud 23:645–703, 2010). Although market timing theory research supports persistence, previous literature dictates that the trade-off and pecking order theories may predict either persistent or mean reverting leverage. Our tests reject mean reversion in favor of persistent and cyclical leverage. We corroborate pecking order theory literature that predicts leverage is persistent. In these models, when firms’ investment spending is below earnings, leverage decreases. In addition, we examine whether firms change their capital structure as a result of business and financial cycles. Since financial cycles last longer than business cycles, financial cycles should have a long term effect on leverage. Our findings confirm the persistent leverage business cycle models that suggest firms change their capital structure due to financial and credit cycles (Jermann and Quadrini in Am Econ Rev 102:238–271, 2012; Azariadis et al. in Rev Econ Stud 83:1364–1405, 2016). We conclude that leverage is persistent due to the cyclicality of the financing decision. 相似文献