Opening the Black Box of Upper Echelons in China: TMT Attributes and Strategic Flexibility

Many scholars have suggested that strategic flexibility is a critical firm capability to survive in today's competitive arena. The decision to take strategic actions to make the firm more strategically flexible typically originates in the top management team (TMT). As the principal decision‐making unit of the firm, TMT members' information acquisition and processing capabilities and subsequent interpretation of environmental changes critically influence the decision to make the firm more strategically flexible to achieve a better fit with its market environment. Therefore, in order to understand how firms can adapt to environmental changes, scholars must study the sociopsychological processes of interaction among members of the TMT. This study examines the relationships between TMT's sociopsychological attributes (shared vision, social integration, and political ties) and strategic flexibility, which is decomposed into organizational flexibility and technological flexibility. The study further investigates how the level of competitive intensity can moderate the relationships. All the hypotheses are tested using structural equation models based on the survey data from 227 firms in China. The results show that organizational flexibility mediates the impact of TMT's social integration and political ties on technological flexibility. Surprisingly, a TMT's shared vision for the firm neither impedes nor facilitates the firm's effort in attaining the desired degree of organizational flexibility. However, TMT's shared vision does have a positive and direct impact on technological flexibility. Moreover, intense competition amplifies the positive impact of TMT social integration on the degree of organizational flexibility, but there is no significant moderating effect of competitive intensity on the relationship between a TMT's political ties and organizational flexibility. The results extend previous research by highlighting the importance of TMTs' sociopsychological attributes in driving technological flexibility, through the mediating impact of organizational flexibility.     

分行业技术进步对就业的动态影响研究--基于中国34个工业行业1980～2011年的数据

基于1980～2011年中国34个工业行业的数据,本文运用VAR模型研究了分行业技术进步与就业之间的动态效应。结果表明：机械工业、交通运输、电气机械等、仪器仪表办公设备、家具制造等12个工业行业的技术进步在短期内显著的促进了劳动力就业,这种就业“创造效应”在中期逐渐减少,长期几乎无影响。而对于饮料行业、黑色金属矿采选业、电力蒸汽行业、石油加工这4个行业的技术进步则短期内显著地减少了劳动力需求,即产生了“破坏效应”,但这种效应到了中期以后开始转为“创造效应”,长期几乎无影响。政策启示在于：继续加强对中高技术和高技术产业的扶持力度;加强机械工业、交通运输等技术密集型行业所需的专科劳动力的培养;完善饮料、黑色金属采选业等劳动密集型行业的失业保障和再就业的培训体系。     

江苏战略性新兴产业开放创新平台建设研究

产业创新平台建设是我国发展战略性新兴产业的重要举措,文章在阐明创新平台本质和特征的基础上,概括了江苏省战略性新兴产业发展状况,分析了产业创新平台建设运营情况及存在的问题,进一步探讨加强产业创新平台建设的策略。     

Choose to Fight or Choose to Flee? A Network Embeddedness Perspective of Executive Ship Jumping in Declining Firms

Research summary: Executives in declining firms may engage in ship‐jumping behavior (i.e., voluntarily move to new employers before the failure occurs) to avoid the stigma of failure. However, it is unclear how executives decide whether or not to jump ship. Building on a network embeddedness perspective, we highlight how three network‐based indicators (i.e., executive social capital, the social capital of other peers in the declining firm, and the declining firm's alliance network) influence the executive‐level ship‐jumping decision by shaping its benefits and opportunity costs. Using data from executives at failing firms in China, we find support for our hypothesized relationships. Our research provides important insight into the network mechanisms driving the ship‐jumping decision. Managerial summary: Executives at failing firms have a choice: stay and attempt to rescue the firm from failure or exit and avoid the stigma of the failure (i.e., jump ship). Yet, little is known about what factors affect this choice. We propose that social capital plays an important role in the decision. Our evidence from specially treated (*ST) public firms in China finds that ship jumping is lowest at low and high values of social capital, and highest at moderate levels of social capital (an inverted U‐shaped relationship). In addition, higher levels of peer social capital (in the declining firm) as well as a well‐established firm‐level alliance network discourage the ship‐jumping choice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某城市排污河水质状况分析评价

以城市排污河道为研究对象,测定了表层沉积物中的重金属总量、水质常规指标及DBP和DEHP,采用改进的主成分分析法和等标有机污染指数分析对排污河污染状况进行分析评价。运用改进的主成分分析法找出了主要污染源和主要污染物。结果表明:不同排污口的主要污染物不同,B化工厂CODCr及pH值为主要污染物;C泵站污染严重的为CODCr,pH值和TP;D排污口主要污染物为CODCr,NH3-N,Cr和pH值;E化工厂的主要污染物为CODCr,NH3-N和Cd。D排污口是第一主成分的主要污染源点,B化工厂无论是DBP等标污染指数还是DEHP等标污染指数均明显高于其他排污口,是A排污河PAEs污染的主要污染源。     

长输管道施工卓越绩效工作初探

结合西二线—上海至南昌支干线4标段施工实际,阐述了组织在追求卓越施工绩效实施过程中,如何识别主要价值创造过程——组织、协调和施工生产3大过程,重点阐明了施工前期、中期、后期过程的项目管理,提出了今后项目施工管理的改进工作。     

Managerial ties and firm performance in an emerging economy: Tests of the mediating and moderating effects

Although the literature documents the direct effects of managerial ties on firm performance, the empirical results are divergent and inconclusive. To explain these disparities, this study (1) develops and tests a model that establishes the role of external resource acquisition as a salient mediating mechanism through which managers’ business and political ties influence firm performance; and (2) examines the moderating role of environmental turbulence that further explains the impact of managerial ties on resource acquisition (the mediator). Results from a survey of 253 firms in China indicate that resource acquisition plays a partial mediating role in the relationships between the two sub-dimensions of managerial ties and firm performance. Environmental turbulence shows a curvilinear (i.e., inverted U-shaped) moderating effect on the business ties–resource acquisition relationship, whereas it dampens the positive effect of political ties on resource acquisition. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Favor in exchange for trust? The role of subordinates’ attribution of supervisory favors

Favor exchange is known to be essential for building personal relationships (guanxi) in China. In two studies, we explore the effect of supervisory favors on subordinates’ trust in supervisor; we further explore how subordinates’ attributions of supervisory favors affect trust in supervisor independently and in interaction with supervisory favors. We find evidence that supervisory favors has a positive effect on trust in the supervisor; merit attribution of supervisory favors has a positive effect on trust in the supervisor but personal favor attribution has a negative effect; merit attribution also moderates the effect of supervisory favors such that supervisory favors has a stronger positive effect on trust in the supervisor for subordinates who make higher merit attribution than for those who make lower merit attribution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

裂缝性潜山变质岩油藏的合理生产技术对策——以鸭儿峡油田志留系油藏为例

裂缝性潜山变质岩油藏的生产特征复杂,以鸭儿峡油田志留系为例对该类油藏的开发特征进行了分析。结果表明,油藏开发过程中高产井产量递减速度快、累积产油量高、持续时间长,低产井生产状态不稳定,注水初期油井见效明显,油藏含水变化复杂。油井转注、分层酸化压裂、卡水和深抽提液措施实施后油井含水下降,产油量明显上升,显示出良好的开发效果,为后期稳产提供了坚实的技术保障。