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151.
152.
Researching Preferences,Valuation and Hypothetical Bias 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A number of recent papers in environmental economics have focused on the process of researching preferences – agents are uncertain
about preferences but with effort may narrow their uncertainty. This issue has arisen in formulating bids in contingent valuation
(CV) as well as the debate over the divergence between WTP and WTA. In the context of CV, it has been suggested that the hypothetical
nature of the preference elicitation process biases responses. This paper provides both a theoretical model and experimental
evidence to contribute to this debate. The model is a model of competitive bidding for a private good with two components
that are particularly relevant to the debate. The first component is that bidders are unsure of their own value for the private
good but may purchase information about their own value (researching preferences). The second component is that there is a
probability that the auction is hypothetical – that the winning bidder will not get the private good and will not pay the
winning bid. The experiment tests this theoretical model of bidding equilibrium and analyzes the effects of variations in
the parameters (hypotheticalness, information costs and number of agents) on the endogenous variables (such as the proportion
of bidders who become informed and the winning bid). Experimental results suggest that an increase in the hypotheticalness
of an auction tends to decrease the likelihood that bidders pay for information on their valuation with an ambiguous effect
on the winning bid.
相似文献
153.
Patricia E. Perkins 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2007,9(3):227-244
Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and
policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological
economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy
and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist
ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition
to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning,
development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship,
equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.
相似文献
154.
Carolyn Predmore 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2007,19(2):147-151
There are four traditional uses of private personal liability insurance dating from the 1970s to the present (Hayes 1979;
Sommers 2005) which pertain either to individuals or corporations. There is insurance to cover damage to rental cars, umbrella
insurance to cover any injury to a guest at one’s home, insurance bought by corporations to cover potential corporate responsibility
for actions of company representatives and insurance including misadventures with financial information and morally hazardous
behavior as well as corporate required actions which are later deemed to be wrong or inappropriate. Employees need to find
out if the employee manual provides for coverage for legal liabilities resulting out of performing job responsibilities. Due
to a need to reduce company costs, many companies are reducing or eliminating coverage for employees for many types of actions.
Private personal liability insurance gives you the peace of mind to know what you are covered for and for how long. Employee
rights versus corporate budgets are at the core of this discussion. 相似文献
155.
Denis Lescop 《Review of Economic Design》2007,10(4):273-284
We study Bayesian mechanism design in the context of the siting of noxious facilities. Under incomplete information, we characterize
optimal mechanisms facilitating the siting and cost sharing of the facility. These mechanisms are allocatively and Pareto
efficient. However, it appears that transfers occur when the good is not provided. This result is due to the weakening of
the incentive notion to Bayesian–Nash equilibrium and to the balanced budget condition. This phenomenon disappears if the
setting is perfectly symmetric.
相似文献
156.
We analyze how the market processes a signaling event by studying a sample of self-tender offers, events often viewed as signals
of firm value. By examining changes in the degree of informed trading, we find asymmetric information costs fall at announcement,
remain low throughout the event, and increase at offer expiration. By one month following expiration, informed trading returns
to a level not significantly different from that prior to the offer. Higher risk firms have significantly larger declines
in information asymmetry during the offer. Increases in information asymmetry persist one month following expiration for firms
with lower pre-offer informed trading. (JEL G14, G32) 相似文献
157.
158.
This paper investigates the relative importance of scheduled U.S. macroeconomic news releases for stock valuation. The study
focuses on 11 macroeconomic announcements selected on the basis of the previous literature and the Bureau of Labor Statistics
classifications of major economic indicators. The paper shows that five out of the 11 announcements have significant influence
on stock valuation. These are the Employment Report, NAPM (manufacturing), Producer Price Index, Import and Export Price Indices,
and Employment Cost Index. Of these six announcements, the Employment Report and NAPM (manufacturing) exert the greatest influence.
The time of the announcement, measured by days from the beginning of the month to the release day, has a moderating impact
on the relationship between macroeconomic announcements and its importance. 相似文献
159.
Isabel Pardo García 《International Advances in Economic Research》2005,11(4):459-467
The aim of this paper is to analyze the economic and social cohesion in the European Union. There are different factors to
explain the convergence process and besides, empirical findings are not conclusive. To the European Union, GDP per head interregional
differences have decreased for certain periods but it has remained unchanged or even increased for others periods. The second
report on the economic and social cohesion indicates that some decades are necessary to eliminate regional differences. These
differences in regional GDP are mainly explained by differences in their productive structures, degree of innovate activity,
communications structures, which depend on the relative level of transport infrastructures, and manpower qualifications. This
analysis allows us to obtain some conclusions to the economic policies and the social cohesion.
A preliminary version of this paper was presented in the 57th International Atlantic Conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal,
March 10–14, 2004. 相似文献
160.
Luis A. Gil-Alana 《International Advances in Economic Research》2005,11(3):257-266
In this article, we show that macroeconomic time series may contain unit and fractional roots at both, at zero and at zero and at the seasonal frequencies. The importance of the root at the long run or zero frequency requires in many cases to consider this root at both, separately in an independent polynomial, and also included in the seasonal one. Several Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to examine cases when the root at the zero frequency is not appropriately considered. An empirical application based on the tests of Robinson, Peter M. “Efficient Tests of Nonstationary Hypotheses,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89, 1994, pp. 1420–37 is also carried out at the end of the article.The author gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Government of Navarra (“Ayudas de Formación e Investigación y Desarrollo”). 相似文献