Technical innovation and 3.5 mobile phone generation: Lessons from Korea

In 1996, the Korean mobile communication market was the first in the world to commercialize the code division multiple access (CDMA). Since then, the voice-based mobile phone market has continued to grow and has now reached near saturation. Having recognized the potential of the mobile data service as a new source of profit, telecommunication operators are scrambling to evolve 3.5 generation (3.5G) technology in order to lead market competition. Recently, the Korean 3.5G mobile telecom market has faced stiff competition from CDMA-based EVDO Rev.A and global system for mobile telecommunications (GSM)-based high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA). In addition, the world's first wireless LAN-based wireless broadband internet (WiBro) service was commercialized in June, 2006. This paper reviews the current status of the 3.5G technology and analyzes the service standardization strategies from the viewpoint of technological evolutions. This paper also suggests implications for Korea's specific circumstances where different mobile telecom technologies complement and compete with one another. Korea's experiences may serve as important lessons for other countries or operators who try to introduce the 3G and look beyond mobile telecom technologies.     

Pricing continuously sampled Asian options with perturbation method

This article explores the price of continuously sampled Asian options. For geometric Asian options, we present pricing formulas for both backward‐starting and forward‐starting cases. For arithmetic Asian options, we demonstrate that the governing partial differential equation (PDE) cannot be transformed into a heat equation with constant coefficients; therefore, these options do not have a closed‐form solution of the Black–Scholes type, that is, the solution is not given in terms of the cumulative normal distribution function. We then solve the PDE with a perturbation method and obtain an analytical solution in a series form. Numerical results show that as compared with Zhang's ( 2001 ) highly accurate numerical results, the series converges very quickly and gives a good approximate value that is more accurate than any other approximate method in the literature, at least for the options tested in this article. Graphical results determine that the solution converges globally very quickly especially near the origin, which is the area in which most of the traded Asian options fall. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:535–560, 2003     

International Borrowing, Specialization, and Unemployment in a Small Open Economy

The authors show that an increase in international borrowing increases specialization and unemployment in a small open economy that is subject to terms‐of‐trade risks. The economy has a production advantage in the export sector. However, the size of the export sector is limited by the available funds. To insure workers against income fluctuations arising from terms‐of‐trade risks, firms in the export sector offer workers a stable wage rate with the possibility of unemployment. An increase in international borrowing increases specialization in the export sector, which leads to higher unemployment when the terms‐of‐trade shock is bad. A state‐contingent price subsidy can reduce unemployment without inefficiently reducing specialization. The results are robust to the introduction of risk‐averse firms.     

神府—东胜矿区沙漠化趋势预测与防治措施

神府－东胜矿区在特定的自然地质环境和人为因素的影响下，土地沙漠化呈不断扩展的演化趋势。矿区大规模的开发建设，更加速了沙漠化进展。本文利用典型地段的沙漠化发展速率，依据矿区总体设计规模，对矿区自然沙漠化趋势和开矿新增沙漠化土地面积进行了定量预测，并提出了相应的防治措施。     

关于转变经济增长方式的几个问题

本文对当前我国学术界关于粗放与集约概念的由来及转变经济增长方式含义的几种观点作了简要的评析;对如何正确理解实现经济增长方式的转变提出了自己的看法;论述了转变经济增长方式的必要性和转变的数量界限;阐明了顺利实现经济增长方式转变应处理的几个方面的关系。     

论文化产业发展的三个创新

文章运用新制度经济学和文化学的相关理论,探讨了中国文化产业所面临的一些主要问题。认为发展中国的文化产业必须进行三个创新,即制度创新、内容创新和手段创新。     

论加强规划管理全面提升综合网运行维护水平

文章结合陕西省邮政综合网运行维护的实际,总结了陕西省邮政信息技术局在综合网运行维护工作中注重长期规划、强化规范管理、全面提升综合网运行维护水平的经验,提出了加强前期规划和规范管理是邮政信息网运行维护工作的重中之重。     

先秦诸子消费观评析

先秦诸子百家争鸣是中国历史上思想最活跃的时期之一。中国以后的政治、伦理、经济、消费等思想理论均发韧于此,本文拟就先秦诸子中主要代表人物孔子、墨子、管子、荀子的消费思想作一简要评述     

农民的收入差距与人力资本投资研究

收入差距会影响到人力资本投资,同时人力资本投资也会影响到收入差距的变化.在长期内,考虑到最低消费约束与投资成本,我国农民的人力资本投资存在着两个稳定均衡和一个非稳定均衡,这使得农民的人力资本差距和收入差距逐渐增大.由于收入差距对人力资本投资的影响,公共财政支出的增加不一定能消除贫困,使所有农民的人力资本投资都超过"最小临界门槛"才是最终解决贫困和收入分配问题的根本途径.     

信阳市卷烟消费情况调查报告

<正>信阳市位于河南省南部,东与安徽为邻,南与湖北接壤,扼控江淮,屏蔽中原,素有鄂豫皖“三省通衢”之称,是东西南北经济、文化交流的通道。全市总面积1.83万平方公里,2005年,总人口787.55万人,其中,城镇人口216.10