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991.
Drawing directly upon responses to an economics questionnaire, this study offers a comparative perspective on how 125 American and 106 South Korean teenagers understand, view, and interact with their national economies. The study primarily focuses on responses to three questions. Should teenagers work for their parents without pay? What possessions do teenagers consider of most value? What do the terms "rich" and "poor" mean to teenagers? Analysis of the responses revealed that teenagers in both countries have a complex understanding of economic issues and hold a wide range of opinions on the concept of economic wealth and personal economic responsibility. Significantly, the study suggests that popular perceptions depicting teenagers as singularly materialistic may be misguided. The study also explores the extent to which cultural traits impact how teenagers view and interact with their economies. 相似文献
992.
The design of monetary system in Slovenia was influenced by the heritage of peristent shortages of foreign exchange. This and other considerations prompted a decision that a new currncy-Tolar was to float on two separate foreign exchange markets: a market for current account transactios, and a market for capital account transactios. Actual developments differed considerably from forecasts; an abundance prevailed, and the Tolar remained remarkably strong. The aim of the paper is to present, estimate and test a simple model describing the behaviour of the Tolar in the first period of high uncertainty; and to assess its relevance for the real world. Exchange-rate movements are analyzed as if they were adjusting to the expected price level. The results imply that the dealers do not wait for new data on prices to be disclosed; they, howevr, try and anticipate the likely effects of inflation on the exchange rate. It is shown that interventions by the Central Bank did not affect the SIT/DM exchange rate appreciably. The answer to the question whether other Eastern European countries could have benefitted from the short-run story of the tolar, is inconclusive, if not negative.We are grateful to A. Beltratti, A. Brzeski, Ch. Flinn, P. Sgro, H. Wagener and the referees of this Journal for their comments on a preliminary draft of this paper. Part of this work has been carried out while J. Mencinger was a Fellow at ICER, Turin, to which we are both indebted. 相似文献
993.
In his What is Business Ethics? Peter Drucker accuses business ethics of singling out business unfairly for special ethical treatment, of subordinating ethical to political concerns, and of being, not ethics at all, but ethical chic. We contend that Drucker's denunciation of business ethics rests upon a fundamental misunderstanding of the field. This article is a response to his charges and an effort to clarify the nature, scope and purpose of business ethics. 相似文献
994.
In outsourcing situations involving manufacturing and assembly, the sampling of units produced is important since in many
situations not all of the units can be tested. Destructive sampling, which commonly occurs in the assembly and manufacturing
industry, is a form of sampling where all units produced cannot be tested since the parts are destructively tested. In this
situation, sampling techniques are used to determine if an entire lot should be accepted or rejected based on the sampling
results. The traditional sampling techniques include single or classical sampling, double sampling, multiple sampling, skip-lot
sampling, chain sampling and MIL-STD-105E. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sophisticated technique that monitors
quality at a lower cost than traditional methods yet has similar monitoring characteristics in situations where quality is
high and tests are destructive. The proposed technique, Destructive Sampling Method for High Quality production processes
(DSM-HQ), is based on a cost function, which balances the costs of sampling versus the costs of finding a defect on the field.
DSM-HQ assumes to have a Poisson process defect pattern and uses an Empirical Bayesian analysis to allow the researcher to
include prior knowledge. 相似文献
995.
It is important for strategy research to have practical relevance given its professional orientation. the differing perspectives of academics and managers and the rapid development of the field of strategic management suggests a need to address the field's future direction. In this paper, a practitioners' agenda for the field is developed based on a survey of chief executive officers (CEOs) of major US corporations. A comparison of this agenda with one generated by academics highlights the differences between the two constituencies concerning issues of relevance for the future. Compared to academics, CEOs emphasize operating issues; disagree on the priority of strategic issues; and are generally unfamiliar with research-based journals. the two agendas should be viewed as complementary. Some implications for the field are discussed and suggestions made for dealing with the issue of relevance in future research and communicating the results to managers. 相似文献
996.
Krishnan Dandapani Rafiq Dossani Arun J. Prakash Mary Ann Reside 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1992,13(4):279-286
The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative explanation for the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs). The first section reviews the empirical evidence on underpricing IPOs in support of various alternative hypotheses that have been put forth in the literature. This is followed by our model which examines the effect of personal taxes paid by entrepreneurs on the choice of the issue price. We show that, in the presence of taxes and for certain levels of ownership retained by the entrepreneur, it may be preferable to underprice the issue. This theoretical result is reinforced by both the simulation and empirical tests. 相似文献
997.
Ernst R. Berndt Ann F. Friedlaender Judy Shaw-Er Wang Chiang Christopher A. Vellturo 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1993,4(1-2):127-144
We attempt to disentangle the effects of deregulation on rail costs from those directly attributable to mergers and acquisitions, employing a translog variable cost function, based on an unbalanced panel data set of annual observations for major U.S. Class I railroads from 1974 to 1986. We find that both deregulation and mergers contributed significantly to cost savings. However, of the accumulated cost savings achieved by the six major firms involved in mergers postderegulation, we estimate that by 1986 about 91% of the reduction in accumulated costs is due to deregulation, and about 9% is directly due to mergers and acquisitions (which in turn were facilitated by regulatory reforms). 相似文献
998.
Cheryl L. Maranto Ann Fraedrich Stenoien 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2000,12(1):9-24
Protection against obesity discrimination is extremely limited under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). No obese plaintiff has won using the actual disability theory, but a few have won under the perceived disability theory. Weight-related appearance standards are legal. We estimate weight-based wage penalties for young men and women. We find that mildly obese (20% over standard weight) white women experience greater wage penalties than black men experience for weight that is 100% over standard weight. Men do not experience wage penalties until their weight exceeds standard weight by over 100 lb. A gender-plus analysis under Title VII is more appropriate than the ADA for addressing the weight-based wage penalties that women experience. 相似文献
999.
This study investigates the extent of compliance with international accounting standards (IASs) by companies in the Gulf Co-Operation Council (GCC) member states (Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates). Based on a sample of 137 companies (436 company-years) we find that compliance increased over time, from 68% in 1996 to 82% in 2002. Despite strong economic and cultural ties between the GCC states, there was significant between-country variation in compliance and among companies based on size, leverage, internationality, and industry. The study provides evidence of de jure but not de facto harmonization in the region. Noncompliance reflected some ineffectiveness in the functions of external auditors and enforcement bodies, which may be of interest to countries that have adopted IASs recently. 相似文献
1000.
This study replicated Evans, Heiman-Hoffman and Rau’s (hereafter, EHR) [Evans, J. H., III, Heiman-Hoffman, V. B., & Rau, S. (1994). The accountability demand for information. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 6, 24–42] US study, using Chinese MBA students as participants. The Chinese students acted as owners and selected one of two control systems. One control system requires truthful reporting and the other control system permits the manager to falsify the report. The two systems have the same expected payoff to the owner if the owner believes that the manager will always lie when given the opportunity. If the owner believes that there is any probability that the manager will tell the truth, then the more Lenient System has the higher expected payoff. We compared the US versus Chinese control system choices, and examined whether the Chinese owner-participants would be willing to sacrifice wealth to get accountability. The results indicate that a significant proportion of Chinese participants do have an accountability demand for information, and that this proportion is at least as high as that of the US participants in EHR. 相似文献