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91.
In discussing the nexus between innovations and market structure it is often argued that industry characteristics (called opportunities) might play an important role as determinants of innovation, and that simultaneity rather than one-way causality prevails. We consider a three-equation model for innovation, advertising, and concentration. Based on pooled cross-section time-series data for 26 German manufacturing industries we estimate single equation models with and without fixed industry and/or time effects (to control for unobservable industry or time effects, respectively) and simultaneous equation systems including fixed effects, and controlling for extreme cases (outliers) or not. Furthermore, we use two different measures for innovations, i.e., the percentage of shipments due to new products, and the percentage of firms which classified themselves as innovators. Our results can be summarized as follows: (1) The firm size has no significant effect on innovation. One can, therefore, not conclude from this data set that large firms are more innovative than small ones; (2) unobservable industry effects do matter; (3) the treatment of outliers does matter; (4) simultaneity does matter (5) the way innovations are measured does matter; (6) different stories could be told based on the results of the systems of interdependent equations estimated.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the committee of industrial economists of the Verein fuer Socialpolitik at Hohenheim University in March, 1990, and at the 1990 conferences of the European Economic Association and the European Association for Research in Industrial Economics in Lisboa. We would like to thank participants of these meetings and three anonymous referees for helpful comments. A more complete version of the paper with a set of tables for the results of all computations is available from the authors on request. 相似文献
92.
Prof. Dr. Klaus Möller Dipl.-Kfm. tech. Nils Gamm Dr.-Ing. Martin Braun Dipl.-Psych. Berthold Iserloh Prof.Dr. Michael Kastner Dipl.-Psych. Gesa Kliesch Dr. Birgit Köper Dipl.-Psych. Dipl.-Kfm. Stefan Pennig PD Dr. Joachim Vogt 《Zeitschrift für Management》2008,3(3):247-280
Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Steuerung und Bewertung von Ma?nahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung. Gesellschaftliche
Ver?nderungen wie bspw. die Globalisierung oder der demografische Wandel führen dazu, dass die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter
in vielen Bereichen zu einem Engpassfaktor der Leistungserstellung geworden ist. Eine zentrale Rolle zur gezielten unternehmerischen
Beeinflussung der personellen Ressourcen eines Unternehmens und damit auch der Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter spielt das Wissen
über Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen im Bereich der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung und deren Einfluss auf den Erfolg der Leistungserstellung.
Zur gezielten Steuerung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung wird ein Rahmenkonzept vorgestellt, das aus der Logik der Balanced
Scorecard und Strategy Maps abgeleitet wird und auf Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen basiert.
相似文献
Klaus M?ller (Professur für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling)Email: |
93.
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95.
The positive relationship between firm size and direct exports is often considered as a stylized fact. Numerous econometric investigations back theoretical considerations by showing that a ceteris paribus positive relationship between firm size and direct export activities exists. This note contributes to the literature by closely looking at an econometric modelling issues that has largely been neglected hitherto. Various approaches used in the literature to model the exports/sales ratio, which is a percentage variable with usually many observations at the lower limit, are discussed. It is argued that all these methods are seriously flawed, and an alternative approach is suggested that is applied using data from a large comprehensive recent survey of German manufacturing establishments. Furthermore, the relation between firm size and exports is examined in four selected industries to test whether the importance of economies of scale and transaction cost efficiencies vary considerably between industries. 相似文献
96.
Joachim Wagner 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2012,92(7):496-498
97.
Export entry and exit by German firms 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Export Entry and Exit by German Firms. — While exports have played an important role in German business cycles, little is
known about the export supply response of German firms. This paper presents a dynamic model of the export decision by a profit-maximizing
firm. Using a panel of German manufacturing plants, we test for the role of plant characteristics and sunk costs in the entry
decision. We find evidence for substantial sunk costs: exporting today by a plant increases the probability by 50 percent
that the plant will export tomorrow. This advantage depreciates quickly, falling by two-thirds in a year. The authors also
find evidence that plant success, as measured by size and productivity, increases the likelihood of exporting. 相似文献
98.
Joachim Von Braun 《Agricultural Economics》2005,32(Z1):v-vii
The paper examines the main issues surrounding distributional effects in the domains of natural resource management and land policies, agricultural technology and research policies, agricultural market and trade policies, and consumer‐oriented policies, including standards, subsidies, and labeling. Agriculture is drifting into an ever more drastic bifurcation at a global level and within many countries. Correcting that bifurcation will require large investments in rural areas and rural people, in institutions, and in information and biological technologies accessible by the poor in the world's smallholder sector. Large and growing national and international inequalities related to agriculture and rural areas threaten peace, growth, and sustainable development. 相似文献
99.
Joachim Wagner 《The World Economy》2007,30(1):60-82
While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This paper surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 54 microeconometric studies with data from 34 countries that were published between 1995 and 2006. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non‐exporters, and the more productive firms self‐select into export markets, while exporting does not necessarily improve productivity. 相似文献
100.
Using representative individual-level data from the first round of the European Social Survey fielded in 2002/03, this article provides an empirical analysis of unionisation in 18 countries of the EU. We show that union density varies considerably in Europe, ranging from 84 per cent in Denmark to 11 per cent in Portugal. Estimating identical models for each country, we find that individuals’ probability of union membership is significantly affected by their personal characteristics, their attitudes and the characteristics of their workplace, whereas social factors seem to play a minor role. The presence of a union at the workplace and employees’ attitudes concerning strong unions are the two variables most strongly associated with unionisation. 相似文献