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51.
Abstract. For simple sequential games, the payoff structure has certain bargaining power implication. Intuitively, certain actions may have the effect of the carrot and the stick as sanctioning means. Fair outcomes can be alternatively viewed as the consequence of their presence. Experimental data on various games are used to test the hypothesis of carrot and stick behaviour. We show that our stick and carrot heuristic neatly captures puzzling phenomena in a wide class of simple sequential games. The results support the view that punishing subjects are not worse off than myopic pay-off maximizers as long as subjects are involved in a repeated strangers scheme. 相似文献
52.
Since 1920, the thrust of German law on workplace codetermination has changed on a number of occasions. We describe the latest swing of the legislative pendulum—favoring works council formation and competence—and evaluate the case for it. We provide new information on the extent of works councils before reviewing the evidence on their economic effects, focusing on some new results from matched-plant data. If the former evidence points to a codetermination deficit, this shortfall does not appear to have negative consequences for workplace productivity, profitability, and employment. 相似文献
53.
Redistribution from a constitutional perspective 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Joachim H. Wessels 《Constitutional Political Economy》1993,4(3):425-448
In its traditional form, Paretian welfare economics has little to say about policies of redistribution. I argue that by adopting
a constitutional perspective, elements of a theory of redistribution can be developed without recourse to interpersonal utility
comparisons. Individuals who find themselves under an imperfect veil of uncertainty at a constitutional stage face a tradeoff
between the costs and benefits of redistribution. The benefits consist of a reduction in the variance of a risk-averse agent's
income distribution. The costs are represented by deadweight losses caused either by bureaucracy or by disincentive effects
associated with the transfer scheme. My simple formal analysis shows that individuals may, even under an imperfect veil of
uncertainty, be able to agree unanimously on a certain transfer policy if their personal characteristics are not too different
from each other.
This paper is a modified version of a chapter from my Master's thesis, submitted at the University of Bonn in 1992. Revisions
were done during a stay at DELTA/Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris. A scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service
is gratefully acknowledged. I wish to thank Urs Schweizer, Hartmut Kliemt, Niclas Berggren, and an anonymous referee of this
journal for valuable comments and suggestions, which have greatly improved the paper. 相似文献
54.
Zusammenfassungen Die erfolgreiche Integration der Kommunikationsaktivit?ten eines Unternehmens gewinnt auch für die ?ffentliche Verwaltung
(?V) an Bedeutung. Jedoch gelingt es vielen Verwaltungsbereichen noch nicht, ihr Image zu steuern. Durch eine strategische
Neuorientierung und die Beachtung der Besonderheiten gegenüber der Privatwirtschaft wird interne Kommunikation zu einem erfolgreichen
Marketingtool im ?ffentlichen Sektor.
Dipl.-Kffr. Stefanie Henkel wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für ?ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus der Universit?t St. Gallen
Prof. Dr. Kuno Schedler Professor für Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Public Management und Direktor am Institut für
?ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus der Universit?t St. Gallen 相似文献
55.
Pension Reform, Capital Markets and the Rate of Return 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Axel Börsch-Supan Florian Heiss Alexander Ludwig Joachim Winter 《The German Economic Review》2003,4(2):151-181
Abstract. This paper discusses the consequences of population aging and a fundamental pension reform – that is, a shift towards more pre‐funding – for capital markets in Germany. We use a stylized closed‐economy, overlapping‐generations model to compare the effects of the recent German pension reform with those of a more decisive reform that would freeze the current pay‐as‐you‐go contribution rate and thus result in a larger funded component of the pension system. We predict rates of return to capital under both reform scenarios over a long horizon, taking demographic projections as given. Our main finding is that the future decrease in the rate of return is much smaller than often claimed in the public debate. Our simulations show that the capital stock will decrease once the baby‐boom generations enter retirement, even if there were no fundamental pension reform. The corresponding decrease in the rate of return, the direct effect of population aging, is around 0.7 percentage points. While the capital market effects of the recent German pension reform are marginal, the rate of return to capital would decrease by an additional 0.5 percentage points under the more decisive reform proposal. 相似文献
56.
Joachim Wagner 《Review of World Economics》2006,142(1):195-203
Using quantile regression and a rich cross section data set for German manufacturing plants this paper documents that the
impact of plant characteristics on export activities varies along the conditional size distribution of the export/sales ratio.
For example, firm size is statistically significant at a conventional level for the 0.25 quantile only; branch plant status
matters at the upper tail of the conditional distribution of the export/sales ratio only; the craft shop dummy is only significant
for the very top quantile; and patents do not matter at the very lower end of the conditional distribution of export over
sales. This has implications both for understanding what makes a successful exporter, and for the design of policy measures
with a focus on supporting exporters.
JEL no. F10, D21, L60 相似文献
57.
58.
Orphanhood and the Long-Run Impact on Children 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
59.
Most risk-sharing tests on developing country data are conducted at the level of the village; generally, the full risk-sharing hypothesis is rejected. This paper uses detailed data on all insurance networks within a village in Tanzania; networks are not clustered but largely overlapping. We test whether full risk-sharing occurs within these networks. While village level full-insurance cannot be rejected for food consumption, we find evidence consistent with at least partial insurance of non-food consumption via networks. 相似文献
60.