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排序方式: 共有512条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
311.
Ronan Roussel Luc Martinez Habiba Douik Patrick Emiel Matthieu Guery 《Journal of medical economics》2016,19(2):131-144
Objectives:The present study aimed to compare the projected long-term clinical and cost implications associated with liraglutide, sitagliptin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus failing to achieve glycemic control on metformin monotherapy in France.Methods:Clinical input data for the modeling analysis were taken from two randomized, controlled trials (LIRA-DPP4 and LEAD-2). Long-term (patient lifetime) projections of clinical outcomes and direct costs (2013 Euros; €) were made using a validated computer simulation model of type 2 diabetes. Costs were taken from published France-specific sources. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3% annually. Sensitivity analyses were performed.Results:Liraglutide was associated with an increase in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.25 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and an increase in mean direct healthcare costs of €2558 per patient compared with sitagliptin. In the comparison with glimepiride, liraglutide was associated with an increase in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.23 QALYs and an increase in direct costs of €4695. Based on these estimates, liraglutide was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €10,275 per QALY gained vs sitagliptin and €20,709 per QALY gained vs glimepiride in France.Conclusion:Calculated ICERs for both comparisons fell below the commonly quoted willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000 per QALY gained. Therefore, liraglutide is likely to be cost-effective vs sitagliptin and glimepiride from a healthcare payer perspective in France. 相似文献
312.
Joan R. Sanchis-Palacio Vanessa Campos-Climent Antonia Mohedano-Suanes 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2013,9(4):541-555
If social enterprises are to be competitive in the marketplace, they must use Strategic Management tools to improve efficiency, while maintaining their effectiveness levels. They can achieve this goal by introducing new management methods that make use of innovation. The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of the use of management tools in social enterprises, referred to here as Social Management, on the effectiveness and efficiency levels of these enterprises. From a sample of 129 work integration social enterprises (WISEs), this study shows the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the application of Strategic Management tools, more commonly found in for-profit organizations, and the effectiveness and efficiency of WISEs in the social economy. The influence of the use of these tools was found to be positive in the case of social effectiveness (improving the employment rate) but negative in the case of economic effectiveness (profitability). 相似文献
313.
Arturo Martinez Jr. Mark Western Michele Haynes Wojtek Tomaszewski 《Asian-Pacific economic literature》2014,28(1):96-115
Despite a more robust economic performance over the past decade compared with the 1980s and 1990s, growth in average household income is still far below what might be expected given the pace of economic expansion in the Philippines. Inequality of household income has also remained high, which leads to the question: is there income mobility in the Philippines? Using longitudinal data from three years of the redesigned Philippine Family Income and Expenditure Survey (2003, 2006, and 2009) and a variety of analytical tools, we examine the mobility of Filipino household income and show that it is less stagnant than is conventionally perceived. Empirical evidence suggests that significant positive and negative mobility exists; albeit, the two tend to offset each other, contributing to slow household income growth at the aggregate level. In addition, there is some evidence that transitory fluctuations contribute significantly to the observed level of income mobility. Overall, the findings are robust across different analytical tools used in measuring income mobility. 相似文献
314.
Juan Camilo Cárdenas Nicolas De Roux Christian R. Jaramillo Luis Roberto Martinez 《Experimental Economics》2014,17(1):47-60
The house-money effect, understood as people’s tendency to be more daring with easily-gotten money, is a behavioral pattern that poses questions about the external validity of experiments in economics: to what extent do people behave in experiments like they would have in a real-life situation, given that they play with easily-gotten house money? We ran an economic experiment with 122 students to measure the house-money effect on their risk preferences. They received an amount of money with which they made risky decisions involving losses and gains; a randomly selected treatment group received the money 21 days in advance and a control group got it the day of the experiment. From a simple calculation we found that participants in the treatment group only spent on average approximately 35 % of their cash in advance. The data confirms the well documented results that men are more tolerant to risk than women, and that individuals in general are more risk tolerant towards losses than towards gains. With our preferred specification, we find a mean CRRA risk aversion coefficient of 0.34, with a standard deviation of 0.09. Furthermore, if subjects in the treatment group spent 35 % of the endowment their CRRA risk aversion coefficient is higher than that of the control group by approximately 0.3 standard deviations. We interpret this result as evidence of a small and indirect house money effect operating though the amount of the cash in advance that was actually spent. We conclude that the house money effect may play a small role in decisions under uncertainty, especially when involving losses. Our novel design, however, could be used for other domains of decision making both in the lab and for calibration of economic models used in micro and macroeconomics. 相似文献
315.
In situations where discontinuity in operation occurs, specifically in a country where coontractualization has an increasing trend, the performance level of operators after the work break is of great interest. Existing studies have found that the performance of an operator declines after her operation is completely stopped. However, when the operator performed other tasks (may it be similar or not from her previous task) during the work break, the performance after the work break seems to be affected at different level. Contractual and regular operators from a semiconductor and textile company were considered to replicate a discontinuous and continuous operation. The processing times of contractual workers before and after several months of work break were compared. Two types of work break were seen to have significant effect on an operator's performance after the work break, Type 1: 0% to 40% similarity from previous task and Type 2: 40% to 97% similarity from previous task. One can find that when 21% of tasks performed during the work break are similar to the operator's previous task, there would be no change in her performance upon returning. On the other hand, a 5% decline in performance was observed after work break type 1 and an 8.54% improvement after work break type 2. Also, a remission rate of 18% from end of stint 1 to start of stint 2 under work break type 1 was seen, while 8% for work break type 2. This may also be true to other industries. Thus, further study is suggested. 相似文献
316.
Key design properties of marketing artifacts that influence consumer response include perceived attractiveness (the valenced evaluative response to the artifact) and perceived strength (the artifact’s ability to capture attention). The aesthetic middle principle contends that the designs most effective in generating purchase intentions are counterintuitively not the most attractive and strongest, but rather designs tempered to be moderately attractive and very strong or very attractive and moderately strong. Such designs are visual representations closer to the aesthetic middle, thereby prompting more favorable consumer responses. This research empirically tests the aesthetic middle principle in two consumer field studies, using both simple (typeface) and complex (wine package) designs. In a subsequent controlled experiment, the strongest aesthetic middle effects emerge for hedonic (rather than utilitarian) products and when less product-related information is available. The effects of the aesthetic middle occur regardless of available cognitive resources or individual differences in design acumen. 相似文献
317.
Emma K. Macdonald Author Vitae Hugh Wilson Author Vitae Veronica Martinez Author Vitae Amir Toossi Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2011,40(5):671-682
Developing approaches for understanding customer perceived value is a priority for managers and scholars alike. A conceptual framework for assessment of value-in-use is proposed and explored within the context of a maintenance service provider. In contrast to value models in previous empirical research, the framework includes assessment not just of provider attributes but also of the customer's usage processes, as well as customer evaluations of the value-in-use they obtain. Interviews with members of a cross-disciplinary buying group provide support for the framework, including the observations that individuals can assess the quality of their usage processes and that they can articulate value-in-use at both organisational and individual levels; the further concept of network quality also emerges from the data. Assessment of usage process quality as well as service quality evolves as the customer's goals evolve. Practitioners may wish to elicit usage process quality and value-in-use as well as service quality. Research directions include scale development for both usage process quality and value-in-use. 相似文献
318.
Identification-commitment inventory (ICI model): confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity
Marina Romeo Montserrat Yepes Rita Berger Joan Guàrdia Cristina Castro 《Quality and Quantity》2011,45(4):901-909
The aim of this study is to confirm the factorial structure of the Identification-Commitment Inventory (ICI) developed within
the frame of the Human System Audit (HSA) (Quijano et al. in Revist Psicol Soc Apl 10(2):27–61, 2000; Pap Psicól Revist Col Of Psicó 29:92–106, 2008). Commitment and identification are understood by the HSA at an individual level as part of the quality of human processes
and resources in an organization; and therefore as antecedents of important organizational outcomes, such as personnel turnover
intentions, organizational citizenship behavior, etc. (Meyer et al. in J Org Behav 27:665–683, 2006). The theoretical integrative model which underlies ICI Quijano et al. (2000) was tested in a sample (N = 625) of workers in a Spanish public hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis through structural
equation modeling was performed. Elliptical least square solution was chosen as estimator procedure on account of non-normal
distribution of the variables. The results confirm the goodness of fit of an integrative model, which underlies the relation
between Commitment and Identification, although each one is operatively different. 相似文献
319.
Jose Vicente Martinez 《Journal of Financial Markets》2011,14(4):515-539
This paper provides evidence that analysts whose earnings forecast revisions showed signs of greater exaggeration in the past make recommendation changes that lead to lower abnormal returns than their peers. Interpreting stock recommendations as a forecast of future abnormal returns, I show that this evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that analysts who typically exaggerate or overstate the weight of their private information when issuing forecasts also do so when making recommendations. The paper also shows that past earnings forecasts provide incremental information about analysts' recommending behavior beyond that contained in past recommendations. 相似文献
320.