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11.
In this essay we review the evidence from marketing research about price presentation of consumer products and discuss how these lessons have been applied—consciously or unconsciously—in the design of the U.S. tax system. Our perspective is that, in most situations, the designers of the tax system attempt to minimize the perceived burden of any given amount of tax collections. We allow, though, that in certain situations an additional goal is to maximize the perceived burden of others. We also investigate how, when the objective is to encourage a particular activity, price presentation may enhance the achievement of that goal for a given amount of tax subsidy. We conclude by addressing the ethical and normative implications of price presentation in the tax system. 相似文献
12.
This article studies equilibrium asset pricing when agents facenonnegative wealth constraints. In the presence of these constraintsit is shown that options on the market portfolio are nonredundantsecurities and the economy's pricing kernel is a function ofboth the market portfolio and the nonredundant options. Thisimplies that the options should be useful for explaining riskyasset returns. To test the theory, a model is derived in whichthe expected excess return on any risky asset is linearly related(via a collection of betas) to the expected excess return onthe market portfolio and to the expected excess returns on thenonredundant options. The empirical results indicate that thereturns on traded index options are relevant for explainingthe returns on risky asset portfolios. 相似文献
13.
Joel F. Houston Jongsub Lee Felix Suntheim 《Journal of Accounting and Economics》2018,65(2-3):237-269
We show that banks with shared social connections partner more often in the global syndicated loan market and that central banks in the network play dominant roles in various interbank transactions, indicating that social connections facilitate business connections. However, more centralized banks in the network also contribute significantly to the global systemic risk. Moreover, we find the soft information generated by social networks is particularly valuable when potential partners operate under different accounting and regulatory standards. Finally, we show that the recent banking crisis significantly limited the positive soft information effects of social networks in the global banking system. 相似文献
14.
This paper reviews research on open innovation that considers how and why firms commercialize external sources of innovations. It examines both the “outside‐in” and “coupled” modes of open innovation. From an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation, it suggests a four‐phase model in which a linear process—(1) obtaining, (2) integrating, and (3) commercializing external innovations—is combined with (4) interaction between the firm and its collaborators. This model is used to classify papers taken from the top 25 innovation journals, complemented by highly cited work beyond those journals. A review of 291 open innovation‐related publications from these sources shows that the majority of these articles indeed address elements of this inbound open innovation process model. Specifically, it finds that researchers have front‐loaded their examination of the leveraging process, with an emphasis on obtaining innovations from external sources. However, there is a relative dearth of research related to integrating and commercializing these innovations. Research on obtaining innovations includes searching, enabling, filtering, and acquiring—each category with its own specific set of mechanisms and conditions. Integrating innovations has been mostly studied from an absorptive capacity perspective, with less attention given to the impact of competencies and culture (including “not invented here”). Commercializing innovations puts the most emphasis on how external innovations create value rather than how firms capture value from those innovations. Finally, the interaction phase considers both feedback for the linear process and reciprocal innovation processes such as cocreation, network collaboration, and community innovation. This review and synthesis suggests several gaps in prior research. One is a tendency to ignore the importance of business models, despite their central role in distinguishing open innovation from earlier research on interorganizational collaboration in innovation. Another gap is a tendency in open innovation to use “innovation” in a way inconsistent with earlier definitions in innovation management. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research that include examining the end‐to‐end innovation commercialization process, and studying the moderators and limits of leveraging external sources of innovation. 相似文献
15.
16.
Destructive narcissism is recognized increasingly as a serious impairment to good corporate leadership and ethical conduct.
The Chief Executive Officer’s letter to shareholders (an important formal corporate communications medium) has potential to
provide linguistic traces of destructive narcissism and insight to aspects of corporate leadership and the ambient ethical
culture of a company. We demonstrate this potential through selective analyses of the letters of the Chief Executive Officers
of Enron, Starbucks, and General Motors. 相似文献
17.
The Economic Value of Water Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stated preference values for water quality ratings based on the US Environmental Protection Agency National Water Quality
Inventory ratings provide an operational basis for benefit assessment. Iterative choice survey results for a very large, nationally
representative, Web-based panel imply an average valuation of $32 for each percent increase in lakes and rivers in the region
for which water quality is rated “Good.” Valuations are skewed, with the mean value more than double the median. Sources of
heterogeneity in benefit values include differences in responses to average water quality information and the base level of
water quality. Conjoint estimates are somewhat lower than the iterative choice values. The annual economic value of the decline
in inland US water quality from 1994 to 2000 is over $20 billion.
相似文献
18.
Joel Krieger 《New Political Economy》2013,18(3):421-432
Drawing on and contributing to materialist state theory, the regulation approach and institutional economics for more than three decades, Bob Jessop can certainly be considered one of the foremost Marxist political economists of our time. Recently, he has taken on board the cultural turn in social analysis by developing a highly original cultural political economy of the knowledge-based economy. As a contribution to the further development of a cultural political economy that is sensitive to the cultural dimensions of social life while retaining an emphasis on capital accumulation and state regulation, this article directs attention to the limits of Jessop's approach and suggests possible amendments to the theory. In particular, the article highlights the need to move beyond a concern with regulation towards a cultural political economy of complexity and emergence. 相似文献
19.
For the past three years the world economy has suffered a recession. In contrast to earlier global, as well as national,recessions when manufacturing industries were most vulnerable,business services have been signijicantly affected. Not surpris-ingly, this has revived old doubts about the role of services in modern economies. The papers in this section re-examine the problematics associated with the efficiency and productivity of service organisations. Even if the social division of labour is a strong argument to support the growth of service industries, attempts to understand better the connection between service firm location and different ways of internally organising and coordinating production might be one useful direction for future research. 相似文献
20.
Joel Slemrod 《International Tax and Public Finance》2001,8(2):119-128
This paper generalizes the standard model of how taxes affect the labor-leisure choice by allowing individuals to change both their labor supply and avoidance effort in response to tax changes. Doing so reveals that the income and substitution effect of taxes depend on both preferences and the avoidance technology. Econometric analysis will not in general allow one to separately identify the two influences, unless one can specify observable determinants of the cost of avoidance. The effective marginal tax rate on working must be modified by the addition of an avoidance-facilitating effect, which measures how the cost of avoidance changes with higher income. This model provides a conceptual structure for evaluating to what extent, and in what situations, the opportunities for tax avoidance mitigate the real substitution response to taxation. 相似文献