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991.
In most developing countries of the world, large scale public food procurement and distribution systems (PFDS) have become too expensive for the country governments to support from their own resources. Despite high financial and administrative costs of the programs, the degree of seasonal price stabilization and price support achieved through the activities remain quite low. Using the Bangladesh PFDS as a case study, this research indicates that considerable improvements in price support can be achieved by providing credit to the farmers immediately after the harvest. If the government procurement is reduced by 50 per cent in Bangladesh, and providing 150 per cent of the cost of running PFDS as credit, Bangladesh can improve the farmers' income and achieve better stability of cereal prices at a cost less than one-third of the current costs of the PFDS. 相似文献
992.
Jason A. Winfree Jill J. McCluskey Ron C. Mittelhammer 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2006,33(2):167-179
Properties can be bought by government agencies, land trusts, or private entities for conservation and preservation purposes,
such as farmland preservation, wildlife refuges, other conservation, and cultural and historical preservation. There is variation
in the dollars paid per acre across properties and across buyer type. An option value model based on future potential land
uses is used to explain much of this variation. The data used in our analysis is sales transactions data for conservation
and preservation purposes from throughout the United States. We find that much of the value of conservation properties is
derived from future potential land uses, including housing, timber, recreation, and conservation. We confirm that public versus
private buyers value options differently, which makes sense from a public good point of view, if markets are thin. 相似文献
993.
This study examines the effect of the state of the international reinsurance market on the demand for reinsurance by U.S. insurers using data from the years 1993 through 2000. Both the overall demand for reinsurance and the utilization of foreign reinsurance by U.S. insurers are explored. In addition to supporting the findings of prior literature related to the traditional motives for the corporate demand for insurance, evidence indicates that the state of the U.S. reinsurance industry impacts the amount of reinsurance demanded by U.S. insurers. The study also investigates reasons why U.S. insurers utilize a reinsurance program composed of both U.S. and foreign reinsurers. The results indicate that the decision to utilize some percentage of foreign reinsurance is driven primarily by the financial and operational characteristics of the ceding company such as firm size, group affiliation, and organizational form. However, no support is found for the hypothesis that possible differences between the foreign and U.S. reinsurance markets impact the decision to utilize foreign reinsurance. 相似文献
994.
John A. Doukas 《European Financial Management》2006,12(3):301-302
995.
996.
Geoffrey K. Turnbull Jonathan Dombrow 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2006,32(4):391-408
In search markets, greater spatial concentration of sellers increases price competition. At the same time, though, a greater
concentration of sellers can create a shopping externality by attracting more buyers to the site. Using housing sales data,
we test for spatial competition and shopping externality effects on prices and marketing time. We find that they reflect both
competitive and shopping externality effects from surrounding houses, although the relative strength varies with how fresh
the house is in the market, the freshness of surrounding houses, and the phase of the market cycle. New listings have the
strongest shopping externality effect on neighboring houses that have been on the market for some time. Vacant houses have
their strongest competition effects in the declining market and externality effects in the rising market. Fresh houses on
the market reap little benefit from shopping externalities in all phases of the market cycle. 相似文献
997.
Kimberly C. Gleason Ike Mathur Roy A. Wiggins III 《Journal of Financial Services Research》2006,29(3):237-254
We examine the acquisition and joint venture strategies of U.S. banks from 1980 to 1998 to diversify into non-banking sectors.
We find that the market responds favorably to both types of expansions, with the gains being shared between acquiring banks
and their targets and venture banks and their non-bank partners, respectively. Acquisitions expose acquiring banks to significant
increases in nonsystematic, market, and total risk, while joint ventures result in significant decreases in the nonsystematic
and total risk measures for participating banks. Our results suggest that product-market expansions, in general, provide U.S.
banks with value-enhancing opportunities, and that joint ventures may improve both the return and risk characteristics of
the partner banks. 相似文献
998.
The loan market is a hybrid between a public and a private market, comprised of financial institutions with access to private
information about borrowing firms. We test whether this is reflected in informationally efficient price formation in the loan
market vis-a-vis the equity markets, and reject this private information hypothesis. We also reject a liquidity hypothesis which suggests that equity markets always lead loan markets, despite bank lenders' access to private information, because
of greater liquidity in equity markets. We further test, and reject, an asymmetric price reaction hypothesis that states that loan returns are more sensitive to negative information whereas equity returns respond symmetrically to
both positive and negative information. We find evidence most consistent with an integrated markets hypothesis that suggests that both the equity and syndicated bank loan markets are highly integrated such that information flows freely
across markets. This is particularly true when the equity market makers are also loan syndicate members.
相似文献
999.
Stephen Petrina Kenneth Volk Soowook Kim 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):181-204
What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal protections for rights against particular political and technological changes in this post 9-11 climate. New streams of rights acting as a safeguard against further incursions of technology into civil liberties are explored. We also address intellectual property rights and international trends in copyright, patent and trademark laws. We question whether these issues of technology and rights have a place in current technological literacy scenarios. 相似文献
1000.
This paper investigates the influence of industry uncertainty on the decision by established firms to enter a new industry. Specifically, we examine the tension between the option to defer , which discourages entry in the presence of uncertainty, and the option to grow , which may encourage entry in the presence of uncertainty when there are early mover advantages. Empirical analysis on data from a broad array of industries revealed that the effect of uncertainty on entry is not monotonic. Our findings are the first to find support for the nonmonotonic effect of uncertainty that has only recently emerged in theoretical treatments of real options theory, and amplify the importance of considering both the option to defer and the option to grow when contemplating entry. Furthermore, we found evidence that the relationship between uncertainty and entry is moderated by: (a) irreversibility, which influences the value of the option to defer; (b) the total value of growth opportunities; and (c) early mover advantages, which magnify the value of growth options. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献