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91.
Contrary to the usual method of most studies that apply parametric methodologies, the current study does not assume a priori a functional form to represent the cost function. Instead, a large number of functional forms are tested in order to find the most appropriate functional form for the true cost structure of utilities. The sample focuses on water utilities operating in Portugal during the period 2002–2008. The results show that there are substantial economies of output density, economies of size, and economies of scope (in the joint supply of water supply and wastewater services) and, therefore, there are huge advantages in utilities merging. 相似文献
92.
Operational efficiency vs clinical safety,care appropriateness,timeliness, and access to health care
Ferreira Diogo Cunha Nunes Alexandre Morais Marques Rui Cunha 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2020,53(3):355-375
Journal of Productivity Analysis - Health care systems face resource scarcity that may jeopardise their financial sustainability as well as the quality of delivered health care. In view of that,... 相似文献
93.
Joana Bastos Pedro Marques Stuart A. Batterman Fausto Freire 《International Journal of Sustainable Transportation》2019,13(9):652-663
A life-cycle assessment of commuting alternatives is conducted that compares six transportation modes (car, bus, train, subway, motorcycle, and bicycle) for eight impact indicators. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and health impacts are incorporated in the assessment using intake fractions that differentiate between urban and nonurban emissions, combined with an effect factor. The potential benefits of different strategies for reducing environmental impacts are illustrated. The results demonstrate the need for comprehensive approaches that avoid problem-shifting among transportation-related strategies. Policies aiming to improve the environmental performance of urban transportation should target strategies that decrease local emissions, life-cycle impacts and health effects. 相似文献
94.
Journal of Consumer Policy - This paper analyses the influence of European Law on Brazilian Consumer Law. It starts by describing the general features of Brazilian Consumer Protection law,... 相似文献
95.
Carla Susana Marques Jo?o Ferreira Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues Mariza Ferreira 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(2):255-278
The literature suggests that all entrepreneurs share certain psychological and cognitive characteristics. Yoga is currently
experiencing a surge in popularity due to both the physical and psychological benefits gained by yogi (practitioners of yoga).
Irrespective of its more philosophical dimension, changes attributable to yoga have been identified in individuals’ psychological
and behavioural patterns. It is in this context that this study analyses the characteristics associated both with entrepreneurs
and yogis, seeking to specifically understand the respective personal attributes or the psychological and cognitive predispositions
of both groups. The results of this study demonstrate that students who do engage in yoga show a propensity towards or strengthening
of the psychological and cognitive attributes that are commonly associated with an entrepreneurial profile. Thus the study
suggests that if entrepreneurial behaviour is a priority, then yoga should be integrated as a compulsory subject into general
education from the primary school onwards. 相似文献
96.
Big and beautiful? On non-parametrically measuring scale economies in non-convex technologies 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Knowledge on the scale economies drives the incentives of regulators, governments and individual utilities to scale-up or
scale-down the scale of operations. This paper considers the returns to scale (RTS) in non-convex frontier models. In particular,
we evaluate RTS assumptions in a Free Disposal Hull model, which accounts for uncertainty and heterogeneity in the sample.
Additionally, we provide a three-step framework to empirically analyze the existence and extent of RTS in real world applications.
In a first step, the presence of scale (and scope) economies is verified. Secondly, RTS for individual observations are examined
while in a third step we derive the optimal scale for a sector as a whole. The framework is applied to the Portuguese drinking
water sector where we find the optimal scale to be situated around 7–10 million m3. 相似文献
97.
Helena Marques 《Feminist Economics》2015,21(4):89-117
How are export propensity and intensity affected by gender? Data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (waves 2006–07, 2009–10) are used in a cross-country analysis to investigate whether export propensity and intensity differ according to the gender of top managers and entrepreneurs. Exporting is riskier than selling domestically and women, on average, tend to be more risk averse than men. Exporting entails costs, and women may have reduced access to finance compared to men. Most firms managed or solely owned by women are young and small and may have more difficulty obtaining credit. Women may self-select into routine sectors with lower mean productivity. Unlike most previous research, here the gender effect only takes into account firms where women have decision-making power. Accounting for the endogeneity of firm productivity, firm self-selection into exporting, and several factors influencing export propensity and intensity, the gender effect operates indirectly via some of those factors. 相似文献
98.
This study reports international evidence on the impact of compensation and board quality on the voluntary disclosure of non-GAAP earnings numbers. We find that compensation contracts of board directors that are linked to firm's market performance are associated with a higher probability of disclosure of non-GAAP figures in the earnings announcements' press release. Furthermore, when this type of compensation is used, firms tend to report non-GAAP figures in the title of the press release, make more adjustments for recurring items, and avoid reporting reconciliations. These reporting practices have been associated with opportunistic disclosure. We also show that an efficient governance structure of the board of directors can help restrain most of these discretionary disclosure decisions regarding non-GAAP reporting. 相似文献
99.
100.
This article explains the benefits of using benchmarking tools in the public sector to drive up performance. The authors examine the case of European water utilities, focusing on four countries: Portugal, Belgium, The Netherlands and the UK. They argue for the creation of a European ‘observatory’ to collect data, promote benchmarking and disseminate best practice in the water sector. 相似文献