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41.
Leire San-Jose Jose Luis Retolaza Jorge Gutierrez-Goiria 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(1):151-173
This article studies the differences between traditional financial intermediaries (commercial banks, savings banks and cooperative
banks) and ethical banks based on property rights, in which the owner decides the ideology, principles, standards and objectives
of the organisation. In ethical banking, affinity centres on positive social and ethical values. The article consequently
focuses on an index proposed both to differentiate ethical banks from other types of banks, and also to pinpoint the differences
between the various ethical banks themselves. This is the Radical Affinity Index (RAI), which groups banks together in terms
of their stance on ethical commitment, concentrating on ethical ideology and principles (information transparency, placement
of assets, guarantees and participation) and using a sample of 114 European banks. The evidence shows that transparency of
information and placement of assets are factors that differentiate ethical banks from other financial intermediaries. Guarantees
and participation are characteristics specific to ethical banks; these variables, however, do not offer clear evidence to
our analysis. 相似文献
42.
Various researchers have reported that in routine grocery shopping the quantity consumers buy varies little across shopping occasions. Even in the presence of promotions, the largest part of promotional sales peaks has been attributed to brand switching. Recent investigations, however, indicated that the quantity consumers buy may include complex intra- and inter-consumer and intra- and inter-brand choice patterns. Using panel data from more than 1500 British consumers purchasing four food products during 52 weeks, the present study examined whether such complex patterns occur and assessed their relative contribution to overall quantity elasticity. Results showed that consumers buy larger quantities when paying lower prices, both within and across brands, and that consumers who buy larger quantities tend to pay lower prices, both within and across brands. The results also indicated that intra-brand price variations, especially those associated with consumers switching across package sizes, account for the largest portion of changes in quantity. Methodological differences might explain discrepancies among previous findings such as the duration of the sample used, the number of brands examined, and the conceptualization of a brand as including or excluding different package sizes. 相似文献
43.
44.
Repeated Dichotomous Choice Formats for Elicitation of Willingness to Pay:
Simultaneous Estimation and Anchoring Effect 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Repeated dichotomous choice contingent valuation data are generated from responses to a succession of binary questions regarding
alternative prices for an environmental good. In this paper we propose a simultaneous equation model that allows for endogeneity
and error correlation across the responses at each stage of the bidding process. The model allows us to study the evolution
of anchoring effects after the second dichotomous choice question. Estimation involves the Bayesian techniques of Gibbs sampling
and data augmentation, and the application focuses on the preservation value of a natural area. The results for a data set
involving up to four successive dichotomous choice questions show that restricted multiple-bounded models are rejected by
the data with the general model. In addition, willingness to pay tends to stabilize after the second stage in the elicitation
process for the general unrestricted model. When taking anchoring effects into consideration, it is revealed that individuals’
responses in the latter stages are influenced by the sequence of bid prices offered in earlier questions. Nevertheless, they
do not have a significant effect on welfare estimates.
相似文献
45.
46.
Applications of Fuzzy Regression in Actuarial Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, we propose several applications of fuzzy regression techniques for actuarial problems. Our main analysis is motivated, on the one hand, by the fact that several articles in the financial and actuarial literature suggest using fuzzy numbers to model interest rate uncertainty but do not explain how to quantify these rates with fuzzy numbers. Likewise, actuarial literature has recently focused some of its attention in analyzing the Term Structure of Interest Rates (TSIR) because this is a key instrument for pricing insurance contracts. With these two ideas in mind, we show that fuzzy regression is suitable for adjusting the TSIR and discuss how to apply a fuzzy TSIR when pricing life insurance contracts and property‐liability policies. Finally, we reflect on other actuarial applications of fuzzy regression and develop with this technique the London Chain Ladder Method for obtaining Incurred But Not Reported Reserves. 相似文献
47.
Jorge Nascimento Rodrigues 《Business Strategy Review》2002,13(3):20-27
Forty years on from Alfred Chandler's seminal book Strategy and Structure , in the following pages contemporary strategists examine the book's impact and Chandler's contribution to business theory. 相似文献
48.
Disentangling Alliance Management Processes: Decision Making, Politicality, and Alliance Performance
Jorge Walter Christoph Lechner Franz W. Kellermanns 《Journal of Management Studies》2008,45(3):530-560
abstract Using a sample of 106 organizations engaged in strategic alliances, we develop and test a framework of alliance-related organizational decision-making processes and their impact on alliance performance. With regard to direct effects, our results show a negative impact of decision-making recursiveness and no significant relationship for openness and procedural rationality. Acknowledging the importance of the organization's micropolitical context in which these decision processes are embedded, we also test the moderating influence of politicality. Our findings provide support for our hypotheses that in a context of low politicality, the decision-making characteristics of openness and procedural rationality have a positive influence, whereas recursiveness negatively affects alliance performance. In a context of high politicality, however, openness and procedural rationality exert a negative influence, and the negative impact of recursiveness is aggravated. We suggest that alliance-related decision making cannot be adequately understood without explicitly considering the micropolitical context in organizations. 相似文献
49.
Ohjin Kwon Anthony J. Dukes S. Siddarth Jorge M. Silva‐Risso 《The Journal of industrial economics》2015,63(4):736-762
This research theorizes that sellers of durable goods can utilize inferences about the buyer's willingness to pay based not only on her decision to trade in the old good but also on its characteristics. We find empirical support for this theory using transaction data for new car purchases. The results support the notion that dealers infer a higher willingness to pay and charge higher prices to consumers who trade in a used vehicle than to those who do not. We also find that dealers charge even higher prices to those consumers who trade in used cars that are similar to the new one. 相似文献
50.
This article considers the major results of a study of relative wage structures in the LAFTA region. It first discusses the nature and methodology of the study, which was undertaken for ECIEL. Data on the size of labor income differences are introduced, and an attempt is made to determine the causes of such differences, and to relate them to various wage differentials. The main findings of the study are then summarized, with discussions of inter-country, intra-country, and occupational labor income differentials and their causes. Finally, the results of the study are updated to the end of 1970, and some conclusions are derived regarding the inter-temporal behavior of wages in LAFTA. 相似文献