制裁下的伊拉克石油工业

随着“石油换食品”计划的实施，伊拉克极端困难的经济、社会局面有了一些改善。目前伊原油产量已达500万桶／日左右，净出口量大约为200万桶／日。炼油能力维持在34.75万桶／日左右。伊最大的输油管道Kjrkuk—ceyhan(伊拉克基尔库克—土耳其港口杰伊汉)目前的输送能力为90万桶／日左右。最大的石油出口终端Mina—al—Bakr，吞吐能力可达130—140万桶／日。伊拉克一方面坚决抵制制裁，另一方面努力争取国际社会的同情与支持，积极寻求对外合作的机会。目前，伊政府已经与俄罗斯、法国和中国等国的石油公司签订了数十亿美元的油田开发合同，并正在同另外一些国家的石油公司频繁接触，以经济利益来换取这些国家的政治支持，争取早日打破联合国的制裁。     

深化体制改革完善成品油价格形成机制

2000年6月我国实现了成品油价格与国际市场接轨。但现行作价办法的调价时间滞后，价格接轨简单机械，管理模式仍受计划经济和行政管理的影响，造成成品油价格仅是从形式上与国际市场接轨，并未实现市场机制的根本接轨，因而难以充分发挥其调节市场供求、事理配置资源的作用。从管理体制上看，价格管理的指导思想、职能和手段落后于现实市场经济体制改革的步伐，不仅遏制了现行油价机制的积极作用和应有活力，同时还造成了部分油品价格游离于接轨机制之外，油价体制和油价体系不完整。为此，建议政府进一步转变管理职能，以间接管理为主，维护市场4秩序，真正实现服务型管理的新模式，同时，本着责、权统一的原则，进一步扩大两大集团的定价自主权；联系国内市场状况，实现成品油市场机制的有机接轨；根据不同油品的产销特点，逐步实现航空煤油、石脑油、重油等产品的企业自主定价，并按照市场规则，理顺专项用油的价格。     

360度绩效评价研究

绩效评价是现代人力资源管理的重要内容之一,如何客观、公正地评价员工的绩效,采用更加灵活的模式评价管理者的工作,是当前人力资源管理与实践亟待探讨和解决的问题。本文阐述了360度评价法的产生和发展过程,通过对案例的分析进一步说明其优缺点,最后提出展望。     

信息时代中小企业的营销创新分析

当今社会科学技术突飞猛进，知识经济初见端倪，信息革命正迅猛的改变人们的生存环境，人们开始从工业社会进入信息时代，信息技术在企业广泛渗透到生产开发，经营管理的全过程中，成为他们发展的基本依据和重要手段。信息化正从整体上引导着企业经济和社会发展的进程。信息技术将成为企业经济发展的关键因素。从改革开放的初期开始，中小企业就不断涌现，成为推动我国经济发展的一支重要力量。中小企业的优势在于：自身规模小，机制灵活，且产品价格低，能满足人们多样化需求。随着我国加入WTO，电子商务的构建，信息时代的来临，信息化正从整体上引导着企业经济和社会发展的进程。激烈的市场竞争环境使我国中小企业日益暴露出竞争力量差，技术力量薄弱的自身劣势。中小企业普遍存在管理水平低下，资金和人才缺乏，信息化程度低下等问题。     

建设天津北方国际物流中心的几点思考

党中央、国务院从我国经济社会发展全局出发,作出了推进天津滨海新区开发开放的重要战略部署.建设天津北方国际物流中心面临新的发展机遇,要有新的思路.     

Patterns of Entry,Post-Entry Growth and Survival: A Comparison Between Domestic and Foreign Owned Firms

This study compares the patterns of entry, survival and growth of domestic and foreign owned firms. We show that the post-entry behavior of foreign owned firms is quite different from that of their domestic counterparts. Among foreign entrants, we were able to distinguish between those which proceed by creating a new firm and those that acquire an already existing business. Our evidence reveals that the choice of the mode of entry in foreign markets exerts an impact upon the performance of firms that persists long after the moment of entry. As a consequence, our work clearly indicates that there is much to be gained in the understanding ofthe process of entry in foreign markets by studying the behavior of entrants over their first years in these markets.     

The Dynamics of Productivity: A Decompostion Approach Using Distribution Functions

In this paper we use a micro panel data set of Spanish manufacturing firms to measure the contributions of continuing firms and turnover to total factor productivity growth over the period 1990–1997. The paper proposes an approach to the decomposition of productivity growth that is based on the estimation of productivity distributions. We characterize the dynamics of productivity distributions defining counterfactual distributions and using non-parametric methods. The results we obtain indicate that incumbent firms are the main factor contributing to the change in the productivity distribution. Net entry contributes positively to TFP growth. Finally, changes in the relative weights of incumbent, entering and exiting firms produce a counter-cyclical movement of productivity.     

Regional innovation and small high technology firms in peripheral regions

This paper highlights the difficulty of developing HT firms in a peripheral region of Spain. Although the endogenous development of HT firms in these regions is possible, their evolution depends on more central regions. The firm's geographical location and the type of HT production are the most important endogenous factors governing the firm's success.     

Policy reform and productivity change in Chinese agriculture: A distance function approach

Agricultural policy reform has been an important source of change in the Chinese agricultural sector. The reforms led to productivity growth and helped China to pursue its self-sufficiency goal especially in the grain sector. In order to analyze whether observable productivity growth stems from technologically induced components or from the market induced parts, a multi-input–multi-output model is derived by using an econometric distance function framework. A decomposition allows to distinguish allocative effects, scale effects, technological change, and technical efficiency change. Data on farms in Zhejiang from 1986 to 2000 are used to analyze the impact of policy reform.     

我国上市公司盈余管理的原因及对策

上市公司的盈余管理现象是困扰我国证券市场的一大难题。本文从应计制会计的特点、会计盈余信息的有用性与信息的不对称、市场环境和我国上市公司特有的治理结构剖析了我国上市公司盈余管理的原因,并据此提出了治理我国上市公司盈余管理的对策,包括完善我国上市公司的治理结构、完善具体会计准则和信息披露制度以及加大监督和处罚的力度。