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81.
Summary The first multiregional input-output table (MRIOT) for Austria is the product of an attempt to apply an information-minimizing model to a set of data of varying quality. This set includes data of high reliability, rough estimates, and a number of hypotheses. Since this exercise represents a kind of pilot study, not much attention was paid to refined statistical analysis. Thus the results should rather be taken as an attempt to test the underlying methodology.However, the relatively favorable data situation for 1976 and the flexibility of the mathematical model led to estimates which might be considered a rough approximation of intersectoral and interregional relations in Austria. 相似文献
82.
Summary The Austrian Input-Output Table for 1970 (32×32, current, purchaser prices) was estimated on the basis of the official 1964 table (55×55), using a slightly modified version ofC. Almon's rejuvenating procedure. This biproportional algorithm permits the introduction of information on intermediate deliveries for the target year as well as the explicit consideration of different degrees of reliability attached to this kind of information. In addition, an import matrix for 1970 was used to define lower boundaries for the elements of the updated Input-Output Table. The results of the updating procedure were tested for plausibility in successive steps and a number of restrictions was imposed on elements or sums of elements to ascertain a good updating performance.Besides methodological aspects of updating the article concentrates on statistical problems connected with the estimation of margins (gross production, value added and final demand by Input-Output sectors) and intermediate deliveries in Austria for 1970. 相似文献
83.
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85.
Josef C Brada 《Journal of Comparative Economics》1977,1(2):167-181
This paper develops formal models of joint ventures between Western firms and enterprises in three socialist countries, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. In each case, the optimal resource allocations from the point of view of each partner are derived. In all cases, we find that the desired resource allocations are suboptimal and are strongly influenced by the structure of property rights in the socialist economy and the extent to which that economy makes use of markets to determine prices. 相似文献
86.
Summary The study ist based on the work of M. Kalecki who anticipated the main elements of the Keynesian theory by constructing a dynamic modell of business cycles. Kalecki's theory includes i.a. a theory of profits, saving, income distribution and investment decisions. Until he died in 1970 Kalecki never ceased in his endeavour to adapt his intuition to the new questions posed by the postwar developments in the industrialised capitalist countries. This led him to develop a theory of growth that incorporated the problems of effective demand; he succeeded in making his theory operational in the field of empirical economic analysis.The authors of the study apply Kalecki's method to data on the Austrian GNP and its main components during 1955–1973. (Mr. Szeworski, while being one of Kalecki's assistants in the sixties, applied the analytical method to an investigation of the economic development in some of the most important capitalist economies together with Kalecki.)Chapter 1. represents an introduction into the analytical method and its foundation in Kalecki's work. At first we show how to distinguish that part of production which is subject to the laws of motion of a capitalist economy more precisely than is usual from the part which is not. This serves to open the way to a better understanding of the influences of government activities. With the same intention taxes are divided into consumption-diminishing and accumulation-absorbing taxes. All this results in a modified concept of GNP, in volume as well as in arrangement.Chapter 2. investigates the long-term development of the Austrian economy; it makes evident its chief characteristics and discusses possible reasons emphasizing the importance of foreign trade. An examination of the changes in the main components of GNP leads us to observe an increase in the importance of governmental intervention. Finally, income distribution is shown to tend towards increasing polarisation — which means increasing shares of corporate profits and income of employees in the national income. 相似文献
87.
A threefold increase in crude oil prices over the last five years, growing concern about climate change, and public policies
promoting renewable energy have begun to cause a fundamental transformation of the housing industry. In this phase of discontinuous
change, it is essential for both incumbent heating marketers as well as new entrants to understand shifting customer preferences.
This article provides critical insights for successful creation of customer value with new residential energy technologies. 相似文献
88.
Abstract. We provide empirical evidence on the degree and characteristics of price stickiness in Austria by estimating the average frequency of price changes and the duration of price spells from a large dataset of individual price records collected for the computation of the Austrian consumer price index. The mean (median) duration of price spells in Austria amounts to 14 (11) months, but there is considerable heterogeneity across sectors and products. We find that price increases occur only slightly more often than price decreases. For both directions, the average magnitude of price changes is quite large (11% and 14%, respectively). The introduction of the euro cash in January 2002 led to more frequent but, on average, smaller price adjustments than usual. Estimating the probability of a price change in a panel probit model, we find a small but positive effect of the price spell duration on the incidence of price changes. Furthermore, product‐specific inflation, the size and the sign of the last price change and the period of the euro introduction significantly affect the probability of a price change. 相似文献
89.
We estimate capital flight from seven countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the period 1995–2005. In some
countries capital flight is large and growing, but other countries, despite similar macroeconomic and political circumstances,
have little capital flight. We develop a model of capital flight that incorporates costs of moving money to offshore locations
and show that such costs are an important determinant of capital flight. Liberalizing the trade and financial sectors accelerates
capital flight by making it easier to move capital abroad. In the short run, greater regulation rather than external sector
liberalization appears to have more potential to combat capital flight. 相似文献
90.
Basil Mugonola Josef Deckers Jean Poesen Moses Isabirye Erik Mathijs 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(3):264-281
Soil and water conservation technologies, such as mulching, grass strips and retention ditches, have been promoted in many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, technology adoption rates have remained unsatisfactory. In this study, a logit model was used to examine the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the Rwizi catchment of Uganda using cross-sectional survey data from 271 smallholder farmers. Findings revealed that the likelihood to adopt these conservation technologies by smallholder farmers is explained by land size, tropical livestock units, access to extension services, value of gross output, gender of the household head and location of the farmers. Our results further showed that the quadratic term in land size was significant and negative, highlighting an acreage threshold to adoption. In general, our findings underscore the importance of information access and landownership in adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the Rwizi catchment of Uganda. 相似文献