人力资本、财务资本与资本结构：理论和实证

当今社会已经从工业经济迈进知识经济时代，现有以财务资本为研究对象的资本结构理论在解释咨询、高新技术等人力资本较为密集的公司时难免会捉襟见肘。视企业为财务资本与人力资本共同的投资组合是现代资本结构理论研究刻不容缓的任务。本文以现有财务资本结构的研究为基础，通过引入人力资本变量拓宽现代资本结构的内涵，构造债务、股权和人力资本三者之间相互关系和作用的数理模型，结合对我国计算机应用服务业的实证分析，得出结论和启示。     

Sample attrition and labor force dynamics: Evidence from the Spanish labor force survey

In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys. Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly. Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities.     

Politically stable pay-as-you-go pension systems: When the social-insurance budget is too small in a democracy

The essay analyzes in an overlapping-generations model, to which extent a pay-as-you-go pension system will be the outcome of majority voting, given specific institutional set-ups. Clearly, the vote of an active person depends on his expectations about how the present decision (i.e., his contribution) is linked to the future (i.e., his benefits), when he will be retired. In the paper we employ the assumption of a basic social contract where each active voter's future benefits are positively related to his contributions. It is shown that in this framework a steady-state with a positive (though lower than optimal) level of the pension system exists, even if a new majority decision about the system takes place every period.     

山东省农业发展灰色系统预测

本文依据灰色系统理论建立了山东省农业的GM（1，1）模型并进行了预测，分析了山东省农业的发展态势，提出了保证农业持续和稳定发展的措施。     

Problems and environment of small businesses in the Czech Republic

The impressive and spontaneous build-up of the private small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic in 1990–93 coincided with the similarly dramatic changes in the public administration and in the whole environment for decision-making. The resulting problems of SMEs in the Czech Republic seem to be common to all economies in transition. A lot of the problems are caused by the macroeconomic policy for which this sector is not the most important part of the national economy. The paper shows some conflicts between macroeconomic anti-inflationary (monetary and fiscal) policies, and interests of small businesses. The authors stress the importance of SMEs during the period of transition. Informal aspects of the functioning of small firms are discussed, especially their relation with banks and public administration. The paper offers some empirical evidence and available statistics on SMEs developments during 1990–94 focusing particularly on manufacturing.     

Congestion effects in a public-good economy

This paper considers a public-good economy with congestion, where participants jointly produce a public good from input of a private good. This economic model gives rise to a transferable-utility game, the profit game, that depends on consumer preferences and a congestion parameter. The simplicity of the game allows the maximum level of congestion that guarantees the nonemptiness of the core of the economy to be determined. It is known that the sustainability of the Lindahl equilibrium in the core of the economy depends on the distribution of profits. In this paper two distributions of profits are compared: the Lindahl solution and the marginal-contribution solution. The latter is more often in the core than the Lindahl solution which in turn Lorenz-dominates the marginal-contribution solution.     

"突破菏泽"经济发展模式的几点思考

菏泽市，古称曹州。历史上，菏泽因水而穷。建国前，黄河三年两决口，菏泽人民饱受自然灾害之苦，生产条件恶劣，工业几乎空白。建国后到改革开放前，菏泽处于吃粮靠统销、生产靠贷款、生活靠救济的“三靠”状态。长期恶劣的生存环境使不少菏泽百姓逐渐形成了不敢积累、不愿意积累、无意识积累的生活习惯。从1992年到2002年的10年间，菏泽市GDP年均增长6．8％，比全省平均水平低6个百分点，菏泽市累计实际利用外资仅占全省累计实际利用外资的1％，累计出口总值仅占全省累计出口总值的0．5％。2003年菏泽市人均GDP3337元，仅为全省平均水平的25％。1992年菏泽GDP同德州、聊城、滨州经济实力大体相当，现在差距却越来越大，从这些数字中折射出一个严峻的现实：菏泽何去何从？     

试析保险欺诈

保险欺诈是保险公司面临的一项难题。保险欺诈的形式有订立保险合同时的欺诈和保险索赔时的欺诈。保险欺诈的产生有其本质根源、社会根源、心理根源和保险业的内部根源。寻找有效的防范保险欺诈的方法需要从加大保险宣传、充分利用法律武器及提高保险公司的承保和理赔管理水平各方面入手。     

论个人资信评估体系的构建主体

结合其他国家建立信用体系的经验及我国进行信征集试点城市的现状来分析以政府牵头为主，金融机构先行为主及第三方自发为主的三个构建主体方案的利弊，最终得出一个适合中国国情的、合理的、高效的个人资信体系构建主体。     

反商业贿赂与政府采购机制的完善

政府采购已成为财政支出的重要组成部分.巨大的利润空间给政府采购带来了商业贿赂的风险.运用成本-收益理论、政府规制俘获理论和公平理论,分析其产生的根源及可能带来的后果,可采取相应措施消除政府采购中商业贿赂因子的现实途径.