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991.
As in other emerging nations, in Brazil, the motor vehicle industry is considered to be strategically important for economic development because of its backward and forward linkages and possibilities for export-led growth. This study analyses prospects for the industry by estimating an industry-level cost function that includes output of both vehicles and component parts with capital, labour and intermediate goods as inputs. The cost elasticity of output (an indicator of scale properties) and the elasticity relationships among inputs are explored. One unexpected outcome of the work that appears to be robust is that during early years of the study period, the industry had constant returns or even diseconomies of scale. However, during later years, when output was greater, there were economies of scale. This finding is likely the result of some combination of the entry of new firms, the development of new models or technological change. The study concludes that if firm output can be increased, economies of scale can be expected to strengthen the position of the Brazilian industry in the international marketplace. 相似文献
992.
J. Voelzke 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(13):965-968
In this paper, a panel model which describes the relationship between individual labour income and stock prices in Germany is estimated. The specification allows the individuals to cluster concerning the model parameters that describe first the individual labour income dynamics and second the relationship between the individual labour income and financial markets. Methodically, a Bayesian model-based non-Gaussian panel data approach, proposed by Juarez and Steel (2010a), is used. A group of individuals with a high cluster assignment probability is found. The characteristics of this group, whose individuals share the same autoregressive dynamics and a common, relatively high dependence on financial markets, are investigated further. It can be shown that this group has a statistically significantly different partition of the major occupational groups. This leads to implications for various branches of the literature, such as the pricing of human capital contracts, the hedging of individual income risk, portfolio optimization or asset pricing. 相似文献
993.
本文分析了图书馆随科技发展的变化历程,重要讨论了在人工智能时代下图书馆面临的挑战和蕴含的机遇;展望了未来智慧图书馆发展趋势,认为人工智能时代背景下各图书馆间资源差距的缩小,图书资源采访决策能力提升、智能检索与推荐以及用户学习方式的改变是智慧图书馆带来的主要机遇;指出了资源与空间整合调整面临的资金压力、人工智能技术的选择与应用、馆员意识转变和技能提升、行业标准的缺失以及面临的法律、社会和技术风险等是智慧图书馆发展的主要挑战. 相似文献
994.
We examine the relationships with firm performance of the internal pay gap among individual members of the top management team(TMT) and the compensation level o... 相似文献
995.
随着我国社会经济的成功转型,社会对专业技术人才的实际需求数量存在重大缺口,专业技术人才出现严重短缺。但是,学校的人才培养与社会需求没有达到有效的对接。 相似文献
996.
Youssef Cassis,Giuseppe de Luca,and Massimo Florio,eds., Infrastructure finance in Europe: insights into the history of water,transport, and telecommunications (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. xxi + 358. 30 figs. 21 tabs. ISBN 9780198713418 Hbk. £75)
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Eduard J. Alvarez‐Palau 《The Economic history review》2016,69(4):1398-1399
997.
An important role for accountants today is to provide decision support to senior management by assisting them in the analysis of large, complex data sets. Interactive data visualization (IDV) facilitates this process by allowing users to navigate, select, and display data via an easy-to-use interface often used as a component of data analytics. Given the increasing popularity of IDV as a tool for making sense of complex data, it is important that accountants become familiar with and learn how to use this technology. This case provides a hands-on opportunity to organize complex accounting data to create IDVs for decision makers to use. Further, the case enables students to understand the potential impact of IDVs on preparers and users of accounting information. Students will assume the role of a division controller in a hypothetical company and create an IDV to assist the chief executive officer (CEO) in decision making. 相似文献
998.
Building from Scratch: New Cities,Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid
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Claire W. Herbert Martin J. Murray 《International journal of urban and regional research》2015,39(3):471-494
By the start of the twenty‐first century, the once dominant historical downtown core of Johannesburg had lost its privileged status as the center of business and commercial activities, the metropolitan landscape having been restructured into an assemblage of sprawling, rival edge cities. Real estate developers have recently unveiled ambitious plans to build two completely new cities from scratch: Waterfall City and Lanseria Airport City (formerly called Cradle City) are master‐planned, holistically designed ‘satellite cities’ built on vacant land. While incorporating features found in earlier city‐building efforts, these two new self‐contained, privately‐managed cities operate outside the administrative reach of public authority and thus exemplify the global trend toward privatized urbanism. Waterfall City, located on land that has been owned by the same extended family for nearly 100 years, is spearheaded by a single corporate entity. Lanseria Airport City/Cradle City is a planned ‘aerotropolis’ surrounding the existing Lanseria airport at the northwest corner of the Johannesburg metropole. These two new private cities differ from earlier large‐scale urban projects because everything from basic infrastructure (including utilities, sewerage, and the installation and maintenance of roadways), landscaping, security services, the regulation of common spaces, and selling and branding the city are firmly in the hands of private profit‐making corporate entities and outside the mandate of public authorities. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Why are international financial institutions important? This article reassesses the role of the loans issued with the support of the League of Nations. These long‐term loans constituted the financial basis of the League's strategy to restore the productive basis of countries in central and eastern Europe in the aftermath of the First World War. In this article, it is argued that the League's loans accomplished the task for which they were conceived because they allowed countries in financial distress to access capital markets. The League adopted an innovative system of funds management and monitoring that ensured the compliance of borrowing countries with its programmes. Empirical evidence is provided to show that financial markets had a positive view of the League's role as an external, multilateral agent, solving the credibility problem of borrowing countries and allowing them to engage in economic and institutional reforms. This success was achieved despite the League's own lack of lending resources. It is also demonstrated that this multilateral solution performed better than the bilateral arrangements adopted by other governments in eastern Europe because of its lower borrowing and transaction costs. 相似文献