全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3525篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 476篇 |
工业经济 | 145篇 |
计划管理 | 619篇 |
经济学 | 758篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
运输经济 | 21篇 |
旅游经济 | 31篇 |
贸易经济 | 1053篇 |
农业经济 | 61篇 |
经济概况 | 237篇 |
邮电经济 | 214篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 186篇 |
2017年 | 176篇 |
2016年 | 182篇 |
2015年 | 121篇 |
2014年 | 160篇 |
2013年 | 461篇 |
2012年 | 136篇 |
2011年 | 166篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2009年 | 155篇 |
2008年 | 154篇 |
2007年 | 119篇 |
2006年 | 84篇 |
2005年 | 78篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 68篇 |
2002年 | 79篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 67篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 26篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有3630条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
There is an increasing policy interest in pesticide taxation schemes as a measure to reduce harmful effects of pesticide use. The effectiveness of such tax depends, however, on the price elasticity of demand for pesticides. Moreover, information on these demand elasticities and their determinants is of crucial relevance for policy‐making and normative modeling approaches. In this article, we present a meta‐analysis based on studies that have estimated pesticide demand elasticities in Europe and North America. Our meta‐analysis reveals that the own‐price elasticities of demand for pesticides are, with a median of ?0.28, significantly smaller than zero, but also significantly larger than ?1, i.e. to be inelastic. We find that the demand for pesticides for special crops is less elastic than that for arable and grassland. In addition, the demand for herbicides is more elastic than for other pesticides. Studies that consider only short‐term horizons and little flexibility for farmers to adjust to price changes generate significantly less elastic pesticide demands. The results also indicate that more recent studies identify lower pesticide price elasticities of demand. Furthermore, we find that peer‐reviewed studies tend to find more inelastic results compared to grey literature. 相似文献
83.
In early Romanian privatization a group of firms was explicitly banned from privatization. We use this institutional feature to test which factors contributed to the selection of firms for long‐term state ownership, and find that politicians sheltered from privatization large and inefficient firms which paid low wages and had high overdue payments. These results are consistent with minimization of employment losses, even if efficiency enhancement of privatization had to be sacrificed. We conjecture that the unfavourable economic conditions bringing large employment losses motivated Romanian politicians to fear the possible negative employment effects of privatization. 相似文献
84.
In this paper we examine the effects of trade liberalisation on inequality in the small developing country of Nepal. We use a Computable General Equilibrium approach applied to a newly developed social accounting matrix, simulating three liberalisation scenarios: (i) import liberalisation; (ii) export liberalisation; and (iii) import and export liberalisations implemented together under different exchange rate regimes. Outcomes reveal that industry reallocation following liberalisation does not respond to classical trade theory expectations about factor intensity and abundance. On the distributive side, liberalisation seems to increase the high-skilled/low-skilled gap and favour rich households relatively more. However, since under fixed exchange rate also the two poorest household groups increase their income levels, liberalisation may also expected to be beneficial for poverty alleviation. 相似文献
85.
Jörg Franke Christian Kanzow Wolfgang Leininger Alexandra Schwartz 《Economic Theory》2013,52(2):589-630
Contest rules are set up by administrators who frequently have discretionary power in specifying the details of these rules, i.e., they can bias the contest rules toward specific contestants in order to further their prime objective. We derive the optimal bias of the contest rule for a contest administrator, who is interested in maximizing the total efforts expended in the contest. The solution is obtained in closed form for a widely used class of n-person contest games. Setting the optimal bias has important implications: (i) there is never exclusion of strong players, instead there is (endogenously induced) inclusion of weak contestants; (ii) the contest administrator will optimally level the playing field by encouraging weak contestants, but he will not equalize the contestants’ chances unless they are identical; and (iii) at least three contestants will be active in equilibrium of the optimal contest, irrespective of heterogeneity. 相似文献
86.
This paper investigates two sourcing strategies of firms, outsourcing and importing, and links these to innovation activities. The authors examine this empirically using firm‐level data for 28 emerging market economies and find robust evidence that outsourcing increases the likelihood to spend on R&D and via this channel raises innovation output, whereas importing increases innovation output, but not R&D. The results hold when implementing an instrumental variables approach. It is found that results crucially depend on the institutional environment in the economy, e.g. property rights and intellectual property rights protection. The results suggest that better institutions magnify the gains from importing, but not from outsourcing. EU countries also reap additional positive innovation effects from importing compared with non‐EU countries. 相似文献
87.
Previous evidence suggests that enrollment in post‐compulsory education increases (decreases) in cyclical downturns (upturns). However, little evidence exists on whether enrollment is successfully transformed into completed education. This paper adds to the literature by analyzing the relationship between completion of upper secondary education and regional unemployment using Norwegian regional panel data on students graduating from compulsory school between 1981 and 2004. We find robust evidence that completion rates are countercyclical. Our results suggest that poor labor‐market conditions when starting upper secondary education have a lasting effect and motivate students to stay in school and graduate. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
At the center of the on-going debate about the U.S. Social Security system is the question of whether the way the system is financed can cope with the future challenges posed by the retiring Baby Boom generation. The "reformers" suggest changing the design of the system by moving to fully funded defined contribution retirement plans. Others argue that the so-called demographic problems are being used as an excuse to privatize the system. But both sides spend almost all of their energy and time figuring out the timing of insolvency of the system and the validity of the assumptions made in each forecast. In contrast, the present study closely examines the changing macroeconomic dynamics of the system since the 1960s. The analysis shows that undermining of the system is caused not by demographic changes or financing mechanisms but by low wages and medical inflation. 相似文献