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181.
Gnanaraj Chellaraj Keith E. Maskus Aaditya Mattoo 《Review of International Economics》2008,16(3):444-462
The impact of international students in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. Results indicate that the presence of foreign graduate students has a significant and positive impact on both future patent applications and future patents awarded to university and non-university institutions. Our central estimates suggest that a 10% increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.5%, university patent grants by 6.8% and non-university patent grants by 5.0%. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce US innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting. 相似文献
182.
The prior literature is ambiguous about the effects of stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) on the choice of a multinational firm's mode of entry into foreign markets. However, available indexes of IPR protection exist only at the country level and do not identify interindustry variation in the ability to extract rents through exclusive rights and other factors. The authors introduce this dimension and compute a parameter that reflects the relative length of time that positive profits may be earned in various industries. Estimation results find that strengthening IPR would reduce exporting in all industries in the sample. However, it would raise (reduce) foreign direct investment, relative to licensing, in industries with shorter (longer) rent‐extraction times. 相似文献
183.
Using Korean firm‐level data, this paper studies the effects of knowledge spillovers on knowledge production and productivity growth. Data from 213 Korean firms for the years 1985 to 2007 are used, and the number of patent applications is used as a proxy variable for knowledge. The results show that all the growth rates of output, patents, and productivity are higher in high‐technology firms. Regression results show that the spillover effect on knowledge production and productivity growth is very significant, and that the spillover effect is larger in small firms than in large firms. Moreover, spillover effects on productivity growth are larger after 1995, when Korean intellectual property rights were strengthened. Our findings suggest that the effects of knowledge spillover on productivity are positively correlated with strong intellectual property rights. 相似文献
184.
Keith Townsend Adrian Wilkinson Greg Bamber Cameron Allan 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(1):204-220
To what extent have hospitals developed their skilled clinicians to perform the administrative and human resources (HR) manager role of the ward manager? We consider this research question through an analysis of an acute hospital called ‘The Hospital’ where the executive team is aiming to adopt a form of high-performance work system (HPWS). We focus primarily on explanations in terms of conditions, rather than the personalities of individual managers, which are most powerful in shaping their behaviour. There has long been a failure of hospitals (and other employing organisations) to develop fully the skills required by employees before they become line managers. Line managers are a critical link in the high-performance chain and this study illustrates that, despite their rhetoric, hospitals may still have much potential for implementing schemes to develop nurses further to prepare them for line-manager positions and to support them after they move into such roles. We infer from this study that such hospitals may not yet have completed the journey to having HPWS. Hence, there is still much scope for such hospitals to progress and enjoy the benefits that proponents claim for HPWS. 相似文献
185.
Sukanya Sengupta Keith Whitfield Bob McNabb 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(8):1507-1538
Using matched employer-employee data from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, it is suggested that the presence of employee share ownership at a workplace is not significantly associated with employee commitment to the organization. There is evidence of a significant negative relationship between share ownership and workplace turnover, which explains part of the positive share ownership/performance relationship. This calls into question the postulate that share ownership has its main impact upon performance via the closer alignment of employees' and employers' values and interests – the golden path – rather than the lowering of employee turnover – the golden handcuffs. 相似文献
186.
187.
George Wright Keith Fletcher Bill Donaldson Jong-Ho LeeAuthor vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2008,(8):992-1004
This study investigates organizational and strategic context variables that are linked to the sophistication of sales force automation systems in UK financial services firms. We find that increasing sophistication in SFA deployment, evaluated as a count of the number of types of results of sales campaigns that are measured, is driven directly by the information orientation of the host firm. We also find that the “sophistication” of deployed systems is, in fact, limited — the information held on the systems cannot underpin the strategic goals of the sales/marketing managers. We theorise that adoption of SFA systems is driven by managerial imperatives and that these have resulted in sales force resistance — shown by the paucity of information held on adopted SFA systems. 相似文献
188.
Abstract. We analyse the contributions of patents to total factor productivity (TFP) performance in Korean manufacturing industries during the period 1981–1999. This paper treats potential autocorrelation problems seriously and uses recent panel cointegration approaches to investigate the robustness of the patent-TFP relationship. The results show that both domestic and foreign-resident patent applications have significant positive effects on productivity and that foreign-resident patent applications have a larger effect than domestic patents in improving TFP in Korean manufacturing. We also find evidence of knowledge spillovers among industries, in that the patent applications of other industries increase TFP in any single industry. 相似文献
189.
Coalition Analysis in Group Decision Support 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
D. Marc Kilgour Keith W. Hipel Liping Fang Xiaoyong Peng 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2001,10(2):159-175
GMCR II, a decision support system based on the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, now contains an algorithm for Coalition Analysis to alert users that certain decision-makers would find it both feasible and beneficial to co-ordinate their actions. The theory and implementation of Coalition Analysis in GMCR II are discussed and illustrated. 相似文献
190.
Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing: An Econometric Investigation. — Licensing has been virtually ignored in the econometric
literature on intellectual property rights (IPRs). We discuss theoretical effects of IPRs on decisions to license technology
internationally. Based on a theoretical model we specify a reduced-form econometric equation relating the volume of U.S. licensing
to measures of technology protection and other variables in licensee nations. The model is applied to data for 23 countries
in a panel covering 1985, 1990, and 1995. The results indicate that countries with stronger patent rights attract larger arm’
s-length volumes of licensed technology, though we are unable to distinguish between licensing quantities and values. 相似文献