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621.
Ken Waldie 《销售与管理》2008,(8)
前言
2007年11月至2008年1月,《经济学家》信息部(Economist Intelligence Unit)在全球运营、财务、销售和营销以及信息技术执行官中开展了大规模的调查。调查收到946份来自全球年收入在2000万至5亿美元之间的中型公司高级执行官的答卷,这些公司中有81%的公司全球年收入超过5000万美元。(在一些盛行较小规模公司的国家,年收入不到5000万美元的公司可以参加此次调查。) 相似文献
622.
Previous studies of auditor judgments have examined whether the order in which information is received affects their judgments. In particular, these studies have considered whether there is a recency effect which occurs when the disconfirmatory/confirmatory evidence treatment results in a final judgment which is significantly higher than the confirmatory/disconfirmatory treatment. More recent studies have investigated the circumstances when recency effects exist and when they are mitigated. The results of the studies are mixed. After the addition of two further studies (Arnold et al ., 2000; Monroe and Ng, 2000) in this edition of the journal, the results are still mixed. The paper outlines the possible explanations for the mixed results across studies and some issues that need to be addressed prior to collection of further empirical evidence. 相似文献
623.
Insufficient or uncertain budgetary allocations to road maintenancehave resulted in road deterioration that has significantly increasedproduction and transport costs in many countries. To avoid thisproblem, highway proferssionals advocate the establishment ofdedicated road funds, managed by independent road boards madeup of user representatives. The road boards would have the powerto determine both the level of charges for road use and thelevel of expenditure on road maintenance. By contrast, macroeconomistsand public finance specialists have tended to resist the establishmentof dedicated road funds. They argue that road funds reduce fiscalflexibility, do not adequatedly address problems associatedwith the provision of public goods or the internalization ofexternalities, and often are not well managed. In general, there are two long-term institutional options forreconciling fiscal prudence with asset maintenance; a road agencythat is operated commercially (subject to the normal oversightof behavior accorded to privatized monopolies), or a reformedand well-functioning budget process. This article argues thatroad funds must be viewed as a provisional, case-specific intermediatestep in the direction of one of the long-term solutions. Therole and nature of road funds should be assessed not on generalprinciples but on a case-by-case basis through the analysisof likely micro-and macroeconomic effects. The article recommendsindicatiors for use in specific cases to determine whether aroad fund should be introduced, continued, or abolished. 相似文献
624.
This article provides a contextual framework for the new agenda for development, represented in the economic strategy known as Strategy 2010, and the regional spatial plan known as Shaping Our Future. These are considered in the following two articles. This article begins by setting a perspective on the political economy of Northern Ireland and follows with an outline of the spatial planning process. In conclusion, it raises the key challenges facing attempts to renew the region. 相似文献
625.
This paper examines the growth and impact of power centres and “big-box” retailers through the 1990s in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The data reveal that 72% of big boxes were added in the previous nine years and that twice as many opened in the suburban fringe as compared to the equally populated central area. Of all big-box locations, 59% are on industrial lands and close to expressways. Of all postal codes in the GTA, 11% account for 47% of the big-box locations and a 19% versus 7% of 1989–1995 sales growth. Average annual sales per store in the heavily dominated big-box areas is $2+million versus $1.4 million in non-box areas and market shares for the dominant big-box retailers range between 19 and 33% in their respective retail categories. In eight retail sectors in direct competition with big-box retailers, there is an overall decline of −7% in share of total stores. Between 1993 and 1997, the proportion of retail employment within 2 km of a big-box increased from 28 to 43%. This increase is accounted for by additional retail and service firms. 相似文献
626.
627.
Venture capitalists, investment appraisal and accounting information: a comparative study of the USA, UK, France, Belgium and Holland 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sophie Manigart Koen De Waele Mike Wright Ken Robbie Philippe Desbrières Harry Sapienza & Amy Beekman 《European Financial Management》2000,6(3):389-403
The differences between the information used for the pre‐investment valuation and the valuation methods used by venture capital investors in five countries (USA, UK, France, Belgium and Holland) are empirically studied. The analysis is based on postal questionnaire surveys of representative samples of senior venture capitalists in each country. Differences are found, which may be attributed to the dominant corporate governance mechanism or the level of development of the venture capital market. Between‐country differences persist even after taking into account between‐country differences in the relative importance of investment stages and venture capital types. Apparently similar systems and venture capital markets place varying emphases on different valuation methods, with theoretically 'correct' methods not always being preferred in practice. The findings of the study highlight the need for venture capital firms entering non‐domestic markets to invest considerable effort in understanding the operation of these markets if they are to exploit fully their perceived competitive advantages and minimize the likelihood of repeating the problems experienced by venture capital entrants into foreign markets in the late 1980s. 相似文献
628.
This study empirically assesses the relative impact of business education on students' ethics while accounting for the potentially confounding effects of maturation and starting position. It finds that business education does not negatively effect the ethical development of students relative to the effect caused by non-business education. 相似文献
629.
Applying game theory to automated negotiation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
With existing technology, it is already possible for personal agents to schedule meetings for their users, to write the small
print of an agreement, and for agents to search the Internet for the cheapest price. But serious negotiation cranks the difficulty
of the problem up several notches. In this paper, we review what game theory has to offer in the light of experience gained
in programming automated agents within the ADEPT (Advance Decision Environment for Process Tasks) project, which is currently
being used by British Telecom for some purposes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
630.
Why Experiment in Economics? 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ken Binmore 《Economic journal (London, England)》1999,109(453):16-24