发展农业科技型企业的思考及对策

农业的根本出路在于农业现代化,而农业的产业化、市场化、国际化、标准化、科技化已成为实现农业现代化的基本规定性。大力发展农业科技型企业,发挥其在农业发展中的示范引导、科技创新、龙头带动、市场开拓作用,对促进农业发展,实现农业现代化起着极其关键的作用。本文就农业科技企业发育的背景、农业科技企业的内涵与功能进行了阐述,在此基础上提出了发展农业科技型企业的途径与对策。     

中国农民工供给态势与“十二五”时期走向

我国农村劳动力转移已进入总体上仍然过剩,但结构性供求矛盾开始突出,农村劳动力供求关系正从长期供过于求转向总量过剩,结构短缺的新阶段。促进农村劳动力转移仍将是我国中长期的重要任务。十二五以及更长时间内,要做好劳动力转移工作,必须把产业结构优化调整放在重要的位置,坚持发展服务业,有序积极推进农民工市民化工作,进一步增加对农村居民培训的投入,提高农村劳动力的受教育程度和技能水平,进而促进社会和谐发展。     

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in Construction Schedule Risk Assessment

Construction project scheduling is one of the most critical factors for project success measurement.Not only for the project planning but for construction process management,the scheduling is the basic tool for communication between the owner and the project manager.By developing the schedule before the project starts,the owner knows in advance that the expected timeline of the project.By preparing construction process scheduling,the owner and general contractor can better manage the subcontractors,sub-trades progress,materials storage and deliveries,labors schedule and equipment set up which will eventually save time,money and hassle.Basically,Critical Path Method(CPM) is commonly used in the construction industry.CPM is a deterministic method that assumes that through the network,there is at least one path that determines the project duration and that the path is the critical path.CPM does not consider the uncertainty in the activities;rather it assumes that each activity can be finished in the given situation.Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT) is a stochastic technique which is based on the assumption that the duration of a single activity can be described by a probability density function.PERT takes into account the uncertainty during the construction process and has been created out of the need to plan,schedule and control complex projects with many uncertainties.The PERT approach is stated in some books and papers,but there is no deep investigation on the application in the schedule risk assessment.This paper investigates the PERT work process and takes a valuable try on the construction schedule risk assessment by using case studies.The utilization in the estimate the construction liquidated damage with the uncertainties is performed,which also can be used in the insurance company to calculate the insurance premium.     

中国民生发展指数总体设计框架

十二五期间,中国保障与改善民生仍面临着诸多挑战,设计一套科学性、系统性、可操作性、可比性及可量化性的评价体系有利于测度中国民生发展状况与进展,在政策层面上起到省域民生发展的战略导向作用。中国民生发展指数整体框架涉及指标体系构建、指标数据处理、评价指数计算等几个方面,结合国内外通用规则,采用综合评价指数法对我国区域民生发展水平进行横向比较与纵向考察。通过编制与分析中国民生发展指数,加强了对中国民生区域发展差异深层次理论与实践问题的探索与理解,为政府正确决策提供科学依据。     

Risk-Taking Behavior and Capital Adequacy in a Mixed Banking System: New Evidence from Malaysia Using Dynamic OLS and Two-Step Dynamic System GMM Estimators

This study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the level of risky assets and capital level in a mixed Malaysian banking system covering 83 months starting December 2006. The results of dynamic ordinary least squares indicate positive relationship between capital ratio (CAR) and risk-weighted asset ratio (RWA) in the long run. Furthermore, the causality analysis based on panel vector error correction model (VECM) and two-step dynamic system generalized method of moments indicates unidirectional causality from CAR to RWA. Our results further suggest that higher capital growth and capital buffer provide an extra cushion for the Malaysian banks to pursue relatively riskier financial activities, and the nature of risk-taking behavior of Islamic banks follows that of the conventional banks.     

电子金融领域中消费者权益保护路径探析

进入21世纪,电子信息技术融入金融业,极大地推动了国内电子金融业务发展.但是,由于信息不对称、技术及经济实力悬殊、维权投拆路径不畅等问题,使消费者在电子金融交易活动中经常处于弱势.本文在分析我国消费者权益主权缺失现状的基础上,通过借鉴美、英、韩等发达国家的立法经验,从立法保护、纠纷解决、宣传教育等几个方面,对我国电子金融领域中消费者权益保护路径提出几点可行性建议.     

Perceived trust in contractual channel dyads: an exploratory investigation of Finnish food retailers

Distributor firms have found long-term contracting an effective means of gaining competitive advantage. To realize these benefits, the alliance should involve trusting others. However, contracts can also be one-sided rather than reciprocal, favouring the larger business partner. Should trust develop naturally where there are formal contracts defining the terms of the relationship? And what inducements should a supplier take to gain retailers' trust? The trade-off is further complicated when the retailers operate in a small market with few suppliers and high barriers to entry. This study focuses on these questions. We use original field data from Finnish food retailers who have signed a written agreement with their focal wholesaler. We find that maintaining autonomy increases trust in the relationship. We also find that regular communication in the dyad and balance between perceived rewards and contributions are associated with higher levels of trust. In turn, intrachannel competition strongly reduces retailers' trust in the dyad.     

Advertising and the Department of Energy's Campaign for Energy Conservation

Abstract

Motivating consumers to conserve energy has proven to be a difficult task in the United States. One tactic that has been used on a limited basis by the Department of Energy is paid advertising. This paper examines the role of conservation within the country's broader energy problems, delineates several consumer issues that affect the success of government conservation programs, discusses the controversy surrounding the use of paid advertising to promote consumer conservation efforts, and describes those DOE programs that have used paid advertising as an integral component of conservation program strategy.     

美国是“负责任”的实力下降霸权吗?——兼论中国必须掌握国际关系理论研究的话语权

随着美国的可持续发展能力和经济总量的相对下降,巨大的军费开支、难以缩小的财政赤字、自我变革能力的弱化阻碍着其重新振兴,其政府的国内治理能力下降。相应地,美国的软实力不断下降和所主张的发展模式对其他国家的吸引力也在减弱。从中长期来看,美国实力的相对下降已是一个客观趋势。作为世界唯一霸权,处在实力下行过程中的美国是否是一个负责任的国家,这是一个关系到全局的问题。更重要的是,在西方国际关系理论的主导下,理论框架和议题设置完全由西方决定,这类问题往往被遮蔽掉了。处在国力上升中的中国,在国际关系理论中如不能设置自己的议题,而只顺着西方设置的议题研究,将无法有效维护自己的国家利益,也难以争取国际秩序变革中的主动权。