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41.
This article investigates the determinants of the size of domestic bond market using economic, social and institutional factors. We expand the body of existing literature by suggesting that economic and social environment as well as institutional settings vary between developed and emerging economies. The article uses recent data from a wide range of countries, incorporates a variety of macroeconomic variables, social indicators and institutional factors to reassess the determinant of domestic bond markets. Robustness of the empirical analysis is established through both two-stage least squares and generalized method of movements techniques. The results of this article show that the size of the economy, breadth and depth of the banking system, the monetary policy stance, the degree of openness, the level of corruption, the degree of civil liberty and status of market access to investors, all play a crucial role in the determination of the size of the domestic bond market. We also find differences across developed and emerging market samples. The results are robust to different specifications and the corresponding estimation techniques. 相似文献
42.
This paper tests if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis exists for ASEAN-5 countries in an annual sample data that covers 1971–2013, by utilizing Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The empirical findings give support for the EKC hypothesis for Thailand only, after considering the structural breaks. Furthermore, the paper tests the EKC hypothesis for a panel data of the ASEAN-5 by adopting the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) methodology. The results show that the long-run estimates provide no evidence for the EKC hypothesis. Finally, the paper examines the causality between the CO2 emissions and GDP. For individual countries, bidirectional causality was found in the case of Thailand and Malaysia, plus unidirectional causality running from GDP and squared GDP to CO2 emissions was found for Indonesia, but a unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions to GDP and squared GDP was found for the Philippines, however, no causality effect was found for Singapore. Furthermore, the pairwise Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Causality test show a bidirectional effect between CO2 emissions and both GDP in addition to squared GDP. 相似文献
43.
Khalid Kisswani 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2014,38(1):96-118
Two oil price shocks changed the pattern of cheap oil. The first was the Arab embargo on oil exports in 1973. Oil prices rose five fold. In 1978, the second was the fall of Shah Iran. Prices soared to $80–$100 a barrel in today’s prices. In 1960, OPEC was established and since then it has been a considerable political and economic force in the oil market. Two thirds of the world’s oil reserves belong to OPEC members. OPEC is accused of being responsible for most of the price increases due to their production cuts and market power. This paper provides a general framework to examine the role of OPEC in affecting oil prices through the extracted quantities. A mathematical model is developed to explore the objective function of OPEC, which includes economic and political considerations. The idea is that OPEC members consider both the political support of their citizens and profits when determining oil extraction rates. This support is represented by a “harm function” which was added to the objective function of OPEC. The solution of the model lends some support for inclusion of this harm function, through which OPEC benefits from the cuts in production aimed at harming the western countries. For this harm function to be meaningful empirically, OPEC members should have a high harm indicator, αt. With high harm indicator values, OPEC harms itself financially. The results suggest that OPEC appears to be accepting considerable monetary setbacks to appease its citizens’ taste for harming the West. At different discount rates, the monetary losses range from about 10–20%. Solving the mathematical model required estimation of the residual demand that OPEC faces plus the cost function that applies to OPEC production. This paper reports the results of these estimations. 相似文献
44.
The purpose of this research is to develop a model for the measurement of library service quality. 1629 students studying in different universities and degree awarding institutions responded to a survey. Confirmatory factor analysis developed a valid and reliable service quality measurement scale with 6 dimensions and 30 items. This research contributes to the measurement of service quality by developing a valid and reliable measurement scale in a previously neglected population. The model developed in this research can be used by librarians to measure, control and improve the service quality provided to students. This research also provides a framework for researchers to develop further library service quality scale development studies so that more concrete generalizations can be made. 相似文献
45.
This paper seeks to quantify the acreage responses of wheat, cotton, sugarcane and rice in Pakistan using co‐integration techniques and impulse response analysis. Results indicate that acreages of wheat and basmati rice do not respond significantly to shocks in own‐price while cotton, sugarcane and high yielding variety (HYV) rice do, and that long‐run equilibrium is re‐established after about 4 years. Irrigated area is an important determinant of acreage. 相似文献
46.
The paper compares the design and outcome of public subsidies to business across a number of industrialized countries. The
comparison of the amount of subsidies shows that the share of GDP devoted to total public support is markedly lower in the
USA than in Europe but the share of GDP devoted to support that improves economic performance is comparable. Implementing
public support follows two models. The first model (Anglo-Saxon) model is primarily “soft” in nature and decentralized. The
second model is more interventionist and centralized. The former model seems to perform better especially in term of science
and technology. However, the impact of public support policies remains seriously under-researched and more research is crucially
needed to draw firm conclusions. 相似文献
47.
Jayeshkumar Patel Xiaohui Zhao Drishti Shah Khalid Alhussain Khalid Kamal 《Journal of medical economics》2017,20(11):1121-1122
48.
49.
Khalid Sekkat 《Economics & Politics》2023,35(3):892-918
This paper seeks to explain the difference across countries of the impact of national growth on the growth of the income of the poor. Traditionally, studies attempting to explain such differences investigate only the impact of some additional variables on the income level of the poor. Here, we introduce interaction terms to explain the change in the elasticity of income of the poor to national income. We focus on the role of formal and informal institutions and religions; variables which have rarely been considered in this context. The results show that only formal institutions (i.e., Resistance to corruption) and, to some extent, informal institutions (i.e., Trust all) explain the differences. Religion has no impact. The findings also show that improvements in the Resistance to corruption benefits the extremely poor more than the poor. 相似文献
50.