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971.
972.
Manolis G. Kavussanos Amir H. Alizadeh-M 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2001,37(6):561
This paper investigates the nature of seasonality (deterministic and/or stochastic) in dry bulk freight rates, and measures and compares it across freight rates of different vessel sizes (Capesize, Panamax and Handysize), contract duration (spot, 1-year and 3-year time charters) and market conditions (peaks and troughs). Although, there is no evidence of stochastic seasonality, deterministic seasonality in freight rates is found to be varying from −18.2% to 15.3% in individual months within a year. Spot rates for larger vessels exhibit higher seasonal fluctuations compared to smaller vessels, although differences in seasonal fluctuations between sectors are eliminated as the contract duration increases. Also, for each vessel size, the seasonality declines as the contract duration rises. Asymmetries in seasonal fluctuations in freight rates over different market conditions are attributed to the high and low elasticities of supply expected under the respective market conditions. The results have implications for tactical shipping operations such as timing of dry-docking, chartering strategies and switching between freight markets. 相似文献
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Entrepreneurship and corporate governance 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Peter G. Klein 《Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics》1999,2(2):19-42
Conclusions The main message of this article is that Austrians can continue to work within the contractual, or Coasian, approach to the
firm in elaborating the insights discussed above. In particular, the problem of corporate governance, and the corollary view
that firms are investments, belongs at the forefront of Austrian research on the theory of the firm. Emphasis should thus
be placed on the plans and actions of the capitalist-entrepreneur.
A particularly undeveloped area concerns the provision of capital to small, “entrepreneurial” ventures. Most of the literature
on governance focuses on the large corporation, and the use of stock and bond markets to govern these organizations. Equally
important, however, are smaller, privately held firms, financed with venture capital or other forms of investment. So far,
the firm-as-investment literature has said little about these organizations, despite their growing importance, particularly
in high-growth, technologically-advanced industries like software and biotechnology. Further research in this area is sorely
needed.
Earlier versions of this article were presented at George Mason University’s “Seminars in Austrian Economics IV: Inside the
Black Box,” October 1997; the Austrian Scholars Conference 4, Auburn University, April 1998; and Copenhagen Business School’s
RESPECT workshop, November 1998. 相似文献
975.
精益与六西格玛的关系是重大六西格玛会议中广受欢迎的话题,也是许多书籍和文章的主题.两者间的关系看上去似乎简单,但是实际应用起来却相当富有挑战性,因为将两者结合起来的方法实在是数不胜数. 相似文献
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