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111.
112.
EU enlargement and the recent sovereign‐debt crisis of Euro zone countries have revived the debate around the (European Monetary Union) EMU. In this article we ask how informal barriers to agricultural and food trade have changed since the introduction of the common European currency, and whether this evolution can be attributed to monetary integration. We focus on the foreign trade of the 11 EMU founder countries over a nine‐year period covering the creation of the EMU and find a diminishing marginal trade impact of both information and institutional barriers. We find a lower level of trade barriers, but cannot attribute this outcome to the introduction to the Euro. 相似文献
113.
Production risk,risk aversion and the determination of risk attitudes among Spanish rice producers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agricultural production is subject to risk and the attitudes of producers toward risk will influence input choices insofar as these affect production risk. Risk attitudes in turn may be affected by certain socioeconomic characteristics of producers. Using 2004 survey data from a cross‐section of 130 Spanish rice farms, we estimate risk‐aversion coefficients of farmers and investigate the influence of a series of socioeconomic variables on their risk attitudes. Our results show that farmers exhibit risk‐averse behavior and that risk attitudes are related to a series of socioeconomic characteristics. In particular, the belief that the farm will continue after the producer retires is found to increase the degree of risk aversion, while age is found to have nonlinear effects on risk aversion. Off‐farm income, especially from nonagricultural activities, is found to reduce risk aversion. Neither the educational level of the producer nor the presence of dependents on the household is found to have an effect on risk preferences. Regarding the production technology, we find that land, labor, and fitosanitary products are risk‐reducing inputs, whereas capital, seeds, and fertilizer all increase risk. 相似文献
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115.
中部县域经济欠发达,农业基础牢固,工业相对薄弱。种种原因使得中小企业融资难问题日益加剧,这制约着企业的可持续发展。 相似文献
116.
帅畅 《贵州商业高等专科学校学报》2009,22(4):5-8
引入国际经济部门之后,IS—LM模型扩展为IS—LM—BP模型,财政政策、货币政策的效果或被放大,或被抑制,完全不同于封闭经济情形下的分析。以IS—LM—BP模型为切入点,分别对固定和浮动汇率制度下的财政、货币政策效果进行了分析。 相似文献
117.
118.
Hongbo Liu Kevin A. Parton Zhang‐Yue Zhou Rod Cox 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2009,53(4):485-501
The remarkable economic changes occurring within China since 1978 have resulted in a striking alteration in food consumption patterns, and one marked change is the increasing consumption of meat. Given China’s large population, a small percentage change in per capita meat consumption could lead to a dramatic impact on the production and trade of agricultural products. Such changes have major implications for policy makers and food marketers. This paper concentrates on meat consumption patterns in the home in China. A censored linear approximate almost ideal demand system model was employed in the study, and major economic parameters were estimated for different meat items. Data used in this study were collected from two separate consumer surveys – one urban and one rural in 2005. 相似文献
119.
The purpose of this research was to create and test a model of customer equity for chain restaurant brand formation. It has long been acknowledged that managing and enhancing customer equity influences a company's shareholder value, which is a reflection of long-term financial performance. A review of the current literature revealed three key determinants of customer equity: (1) value equity, (2) brand equity, and (3) relationship equity. Six hypotheses were derived and, based on data analysis, all six were supported. Value, brand, and relationship management were all confirmed to be important factors in enhancing customer equity in the chain restaurant industry. Further, brand equity has the strongest impact on the development of customer equity in this particular industry. Relationships among value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity were also identified. Managerial implications are discussed. 相似文献
120.
基于城乡统筹的重庆市农村土地流转研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着重庆市成为全国城乡统筹实验区,为了实现城乡的和谐发展,促进农村剩余劳动力的有效转移.如何加快农村土地的流转就成为了更加引人关注的问题.通过分析重庆市现有的农村土地流转的现状.总结现阶段农村土地流转中的特点、出现的问题和制约因素,并针对这些问题,从补充符合地方实际的地方法规、制定鼓励规模经营和保障农民权益的政策、创新农村土地流转经营主体流转模式和完善农村土地流转服务体系等方面提出了相应的建议. 相似文献