从日韩发展模式的困境看政府的角色

日韩发展模式是政府主导型的发展模式，在特定的历史时期它起到了重要的作用，今天它却陷入了困境之中。从日韩发展模式的困境可以进一步窥视出政府在企业发展和经济生活中所扮演的角色——为企业经营和经济活动提供适宜的条件和环境氛围。     

法定数字货币视角下的人民币国际化研究

全球步入数字经济新时代,数字货币已对传统货币的概念、理论与运行带来前所未有的挑战,其发展形成了不可逆转的大趋势.当前,我国法定数字货币研发处于领先水平,而将该成果应用于支付清算及跨境流通中形成我国的独特优势,对于增强国外使用者对人民币的忠诚度,推动人民币国际化进程具有重大现实意义.因此,本文通过介绍全球央行数字货币发展情况及我国法定数字货币发展特点,分析人民币国际化进程面临的机遇并提出在新形势下推动人民币国际化进程的策略研究.     

家庭农场信贷融资能力影响因素分析——基于山东省16个地市的调查

本文以山东省16个地市533个家庭农场的调查数据为依据,通过方差分析法对家庭农场信贷融资能力进行了实证分析.结果 表明,盈利能力、经营风险防控能力和金融业务办理情况3个变量对家庭农场信贷融资能力有显著影响;在一定范围内,纯收入水平越高,家庭农场的信贷融资能力越强;选择购买农业保险以增强经营风险防控能力的家庭农场信贷融资能力较强;办理过土地经营权抵押贷款金融业务的家庭农场信贷融资能力较强.     

日本地方政府债务管理的经验做法及借鉴

我国地方政府债务在2020-2024年进入集中偿还期,清偿压力逐年加大,而且隐形债务风险隐患突显.近年来,通过债务置换、强化问责等治理措施,我国地方政府举债有所规范,但仍亟需建立常态化监测和管理机制,以确保债务健康可持续发展.近邻日本一直注重对地方政府债务的系统性管理,并在地方政府债务管理方面积累了一些经验,这对我国具有借鉴意义.     

日本银行业化解不良资产的经验及启示

上世纪90年代以来,受泡沫经济崩溃影响,日本银行业不良资产问题日益突出.在此后十余年间,日本政府不断完善不良资产处置法规和机制建设,建立破产金融机构处理框架,动用公共资金救助银行机构并对企业进行重组援助,直至2005年不良资产治理成效显现.得益于此间建立起完善的金融监管体系和风险处置机制,日本银行业不仅抵御了2008年国际金融危机的冲击并长期保持了较低的不良贷款率.考察日本银行业不良资产的成因、表现及解决方法,借鉴其经验教训,对于我国化解银行不良资产具有重要的现实意义.     

财产保险公司资产负债管理多维量化评估体系研究

良好的资产负债管理是保险业可持续发展的基石,也是支持保险业在日益复杂的风险环境中保持稳健发展、防范系统性风险的重要保障。近年来,随着我国金融市场发展,业务产品创新加快,保险业在资产端与负债端的业务结构和风险特征出现了新情况、新变化。特别是部分保险公司缺乏有效的治理结构,采取激进经营、激进投资的策略,导致业务快进快出、风险敞口过大以及流动性问题,对保险公司资产负债匹配管理、风险控制提出了挑战。本文介绍了财产保险公司资产负债多维度量化评估规则设计原理、主要评估模型和评估方法,针对财产保险公司的负债特性提出的沉淀资金匹配,在成本收益匹配中有机地将资产投资收益与承保业务综合成本进行匹配,在现金流匹配模式中打破了僵化的匹配模式,解决了长期困扰财产保险公司的资产负债期限不匹配的问题,对财产保险公司资产负债管理具有重要意义。     

An analysis of repressed inflation in two transition economies

We construct a simple model that tests for repressed inflation by estimating a true rate of inflation that explains behavior of observed money demand. We estimate the model using quarterly data for Czechoslovakia and Poland. Although our results should be viewed as preliminary, given the imperfect nature of our data, we do have strong evidence that, prior to 1991, there was considerable repressed inflation in Poland, while there was essentially no repressed inflation in Czechoslovakia.This paper was funded by a World Bank project on formerly planned economies. We would like to thank Jong-goo Park for suggesting the topic, and Fabrizio Coricelli and Adnan Mazarei for helpful discussions. The views expressed here are our own and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the World Bank.     

Corporate Disclosure of Environmental Liability Information: Theory and Evidence*

Abstract. The decision to disclose information concerning a firm's environmental liabilities is modeled as a sequential game involving the firm, a capital market, and outside stakeholders who can impose proprietary (political) costs on the firm. A partial disclosure equilibrium is derived in which firms reveal information strategically, maximizing the share-value net of expected political costs. Inherent uncertainty regarding the existence and size of the liabilities creates a setting where outsiders are uncertain if management is informed about these liabilities, so firms can plausibly withhold “bad news”, that is, they do not disclose liabilities that exceed a threshold level. Three novel hypotheses are that a firm is more likely to disclose as (1) its pollution propensity increases, (2) outsiders' knowledge of its environmental liabilities increases, and (3) the risk of incurring proprietary costs decreases. Empirical support is found for the hypotheses, based on the accounting disclosures made by sample firms selected from the records of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy. Improved accounting and auditing standards for environmental disclosure would build on at least three implications of the study:

• 1 To the extent that inherent uncertainty leaves managers with discretion as to what to disclose, the partial disclosure equilibrium result suggests that not all firms will comply with disclosure standards.
• 2 Publishing broad environmental performance indicators for companies in nonaccounting outlets would increase public awareness of a manager's private information endowment, making voluntary accounting disclosures of the liabilities more likely.
• 3 If a significant decline in stakeholder tolerance of pollution occurs, the expected proprietary costs of disclosing increase, and companies become less likely to disclose.

     

Remittances from international labour migration: a summary of findings and issues for labour-exporting developing countries of the ESCAP region

International labor migration from the ESCAP region to the Middle East is analyzed, and patterns of remittances from migrants are examined. The focus is on "contract" migration, in which the workers involved have no intention of settling in the country of employment and which is characterized by a job contract that is concluded by the employer on behalf of the workers. Topics discussed include the labor market situation, controversies over the benefits of remittances, the flow of migration and the stock of workers in host countries, characteristics of migrating workers, management of the migration flow, the size and significance of remittance flows to ESCAP countries, and policy issues.     

论绩效预算在我国实施的制度约束

目前在世界范围内掀起了一场以绩效预算为依托的政府支出管理改革.这场以落实与监督公共财政受托责任为目标的改革是在政府民主化程度不断提升,财政资金稀缺与公共部门理财观念逐渐深化的背景下出现的.但在对绩效预算制度进行本土化分析时,并不能得出该制度目前完全适应我国预算管理实践的结论.在我国特殊的国情背景下进行这种制度"移植",还会面临许多来自正式制度与非正式制度的约束.这决定了我们在引入绩效预算制度中必须走一条渐进之路.