Policy reform and productivity change in Chinese agriculture: A distance function approach

Agricultural policy reform has been an important source of change in the Chinese agricultural sector. The reforms led to productivity growth and helped China to pursue its self-sufficiency goal especially in the grain sector. In order to analyze whether observable productivity growth stems from technologically induced components or from the market induced parts, a multi-input–multi-output model is derived by using an econometric distance function framework. A decomposition allows to distinguish allocative effects, scale effects, technological change, and technical efficiency change. Data on farms in Zhejiang from 1986 to 2000 are used to analyze the impact of policy reform.     

Inferential Causal Models: Integrating Quality & Quantity

In-depth data analysis plus statistical modeling can produce inferentialcausal models. Their creation thus combines aspects of analysis by close inspection,that is, reason analysis and cross-tabular analysis, with statistical analysis procedures,especially those that are special cases of the generalized linear model (McCullaghand Nelder, 1989; Agresti, 1996; Lindsey, 1997). This paper explores some of the roots of this combined method and suggests some new directions. An exercise clarifies some limitations of classic reason analysis by showing how the cross tabulation of variables with controls for test factors may produce better inferences. Then, given the cross tabulation of several variables, by explicating Coleman effect parameters, logistic regressions, and Poisson log-linear models, it shows how generalized linear models provide appropriate measures of effects and tests of statistical significance. Finally, to address a weakness of reason analysis, a case-control design is proposed and an example is developed.     

Time-Based Management of the New Product Development Process

This study explored the problem of compressing new product development by focusing on the specific phases of the innovation process. These phases manifest significant qualitative differences that require attention for understanding the complexities of accelerating new product development. Based on data from 35 high-technology companies, Necmi Karagozoglu and Warren Brown identified several different acceleration methods. Results revealed unexpected and at times inconsistent insights than those reflected in the case study and anecdotally based literature, and implied also that some of the well documented approaches to successful new product development need to be replaced with their time-based versions.     

The Effects of Secondary School Accounting Education on University Accounting Performance—A Canadian Experience*

Abstract. This study examined the impact of high school accounting education on students' performance in the first financial accounting course at a Canadian university, specifically the differential impact of different degrees of exposure to high school accounting (i.e., number of courses taken) and the type of courses (i.e., OAC) versus non-OAC courses) on the students' performance. The results strongly suggest that previous experience in accounting has a significantly positive relationship with students' performance in the first university accounting course. Although the results show that there is a significant positive correlation between performance and the number of accounting courses taken in high school, the results also indicate no significant difference in performance between students who have taken one or two courses. When controlling for the type of courses taken in high school, the results suggest that OAC students perform significantly better than non-OAC students. The results reported in this study may have important implications for university curricula policy makers. Résumé. Les auteurs examinent l'incidence de la formation en comptabilité des étudiants de niveau collégial sur leur succès dans le premier cours de comptabilité financière qu'ils suivent dans une université canadienne, et plus précisément la variation de cette incidence selon la mesure dans laquelle ils sont exposés à la comptabilité dans leurs études collégiales (en termes de nombre de cours suivis) et la nature des cours qu'ils suivent (selon que ces cours appartiennent ou non à la catégorie des Ontario Academic Courses (OAC)). Les résultats donnent toutes les raisons de croire que l'expérience préalable en comptabilité a une relation positive significative avec le succès des étudiants dans leur premier cours universitaire de comptabilité. Bien que l'étude aboutisse à la conclusion qu'il existe une corrélation positive significative entre le succès et le nombre de cours de comptabilité suivis au niveau collégial, les résultats n'indiquent aucune différence significative dans le succès des étudiants, selon qu'ils ont suivi un ou deux cours. Selon les résultats de l'analyse, les étudiants ayant suivi des cours appartenant à la catégorie des OAC réussissent beaucoup mieux que ceux qui ont suivi des cours n'appartenant pas à cette catégorie. Les constatations des auteurs pourraient avoir des répercussions majeures sur la conception des programmes universitaires.     

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE IMPACT OF PROFIT SHARING SCHEMES OF EXECUTIVIES ON THE CONTENT OF CORPORATE SUBMISSIONS ON PROPOSED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

This paper examines the comments submitted by UK companies on 20 proposed accounting standards to test the hypotheses that executives favor standards that increase, or dampen the variance of, accounting profit numbers on which their incentive remuneration is based. Test results were generally as hypothesised but only the profit variance outcomes were statistically significant. Allowing for political environment changes affected only the profit variance results. There was no evidence that the relative monetary size of bonus payments was a significant lobbying factor. No significant differences were found between the lobbying preferences of companies with or without executive incentive schemes.